Influence of trans-boundary biomass burning impacted air masses on submicron particle number concentrations and size distributions

Betha, Raghu; Zhang, Zhe; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.002

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For instance, in the photochemical aging experiment for wheat straw burning (Fig. 3c), the growth rate of particles was 18 nm h −1 in the first 0.5 h and decreased to ∼ 1 nm h −1 during the following 4.5 h. The size distribution of aged aerosol particles in our study is similar to those of ambient particles under the severe biomass burning impact during haze events (Betha et al, 2014;Niu et al, 2016). Figure 4 shows the chemical evolution of aerosol particles during the 5 h photochemical aging of wheat straw burning.…”

Section: Evolution Of Particlessupporting

confidence: 65%

Open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical aging, and secondary organic aerosol formation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Agricultural residues are among the most abundant biomass burned globally, especially in China. However, there is little information on primary emissions and photochemical evolution of agricultural residue burning. In this study, indoor chamber experiments were conducted to investigate primary emissions from open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws and their photochemical aging as well. Emission factors of NO x , NH 3 , SO 2 , 67 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), particulate matter (PM), organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) under ambient dilution conditions were determined. Olefins accounted for > 50 % of the total speciated NMHCs emission (2.47 to 5.04 g kg −1 ), indicating high ozone formation potential of straw burning emissions. Emission factors of PM (3.73 to 6.36 g kg −1 ) and primary organic carbon (POC, 2.05 to 4.11 gC kg −1 ), measured at dilution ratios of 1300 to 4000, were lower than those reported in previous studies at low dilution ratios, probably due to the evaporation of semi-volatile organic compounds under high dilution conditions. After photochemical aging with an OH exposure range of (1.97-4.97) × 10 10 molecule cm −3 s in the chamber, large amounts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were produced with OA mass enhancement ratios (the mass ratio of total OA to primary OA) of 2.4-7.6. The 20 known precursors could only explain 5.0-27.3 % of the observed SOA mass, suggesting that the major precursors of SOA formed from open straw burning remain unidentified. Aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) signaled that the aged OA contained less hydrocarbons but more oxygen-and nitrogencontaining compounds than primary OA, and carbon oxidation state (OS c ) calculated with AMS resolved O / C and H / C ratios increased linearly (p < 0.001) with OH exposure with quite similar slopes.

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Section: Evolution Of Particlessupporting

confidence: 65%

Open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical aging, and secondary organic aerosol formation

et al. 2017

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“…It is well established that particle size and chemical composition are key parameters that determine the health effects of PM [16][17][18][19]. Previous studies have reported that ultrafine particles (UFPs) (PM with aerodynamic diameter (AED) ≤100 nm) are prevalent during haze episodes [20][21][22][23][24]48]. However, there is a lack of research on these harmful and easily inhalable sub-micrometer particles in SEA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these devices in reducing human exposure and the associated potential health risks based on the toxic elemental composition of PM indoors remains largely unknown. Additionally, previous studies reported in the literature [35,41] have been carried out under mid-latitude environmental conditions and thus are not applicable to tropical climatic conditions in SEA, where the smokehaze-impacted PM has unique physico-chemical characteristics [4,5,21,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor human exposure to size-fractionated aerosols during the 2015 Southeast Asian smoke haze and assessment of exposure mitigation strategies

Sharma

Balasubramanian

2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The 2015 smoke haze episode was one of the most severe and prolonged transboundary air pollution events ever seen in Southeast Asia (SEA), affecting the air quality of several countries within the region including Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The 24 h mean outdoor PM 2.5 (particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 m) concentrations ranged from 72-157 g m −3 in Singapore during this episode, exceeding the WHO 24 h mean PM 2.5 guidelines (25 g m −3 ) several times over. The smoke haze episode not only affected ambient air quality, but also indoor air quality due to the migration of PM of different sizes from the outdoor to the indoor environment. Despite the frequent occurrence of smoke haze episodes over the years, their potential health impacts on indoor building occupants remain largely unknown in SEA due to the lack of systematic investigations and observational data. The current work was carried out in Singapore to assess human exposure to size-resolved PM during the 2015 smoke haze episode, and to evaluate the effectiveness of exposure mitigation measures in smoke-haze-impacted naturally ventilated indoor environments. The potential health risks associated with exposure to PM 2.5 were assessed based on the concentrations of redox active particulate-bound trace elements, which are known to be harmful to human health, with and without exposure mitigation. Overall, it was observed that human health exposure to PM 2.5 and its carcinogenic chemical components was reduced substantially by 62% (p < 0.05) while using an air cleaner. However, extremely small hazardous particles were only partially removed by the air cleaner and remain a matter of concern for public health.

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“…Most of the researches have shown that both local rush hour traffic emission and new particle formation (NPF) play key roles in the diurnal variation of UFPs concentrations, in which two concentration peaks in the morning and evening could be attributed to traffic emission, while one peak in the afternoon is due to NPF (Young et al, 2012;Cheung et al, 2013;Young et al, 2013;Betha et al, 2014;Nikolova et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, numerous studies used the Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) (Westerdahl et al, 2009;Sabaliauskas et al, 2012;Betha et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2015) or the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) coupled with the condensation particle counter (CPC) (Chen et al, 2010a;Breitner et al, 2011;Jayaratne et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011;Gao et al, 2012;Young et al, 2012;Cheung et al, 2013;Young et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2014) to investigate the number concentrations of UFPs. Most of the researches have shown that both local rush hour traffic emission and new particle formation (NPF) play key roles in the diurnal variation of UFPs concentrations, in which two concentration peaks in the morning and evening could be attributed to traffic emission, while one peak in the afternoon is due to NPF (Young et al, 2012;Cheung et al, 2013;Young et al, 2013;Betha et al, 2014;Nikolova et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Particles and PM2.5 at Three Urban Air Monitoring Stations in Northern Taiwan from 2011 to 2013

Lin

Lee

Lin

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, long term measurements of PM 2.5 and ultrafine particles (UFPs) for daily average mass concentration at Zhongshan (ZS), Sinjhuang (SJ), and Jhudong (JD) urban air monitoring stations were conducted from 2011 spring to 2013 autumn. The results showed that daily average UFPs mass concentrations in spring (average at 3 stations: 1.58 ± 0.74 µg m -3 ) and summer (average at 3 stations: 1.59 ± 0.53 µg m -3 ) were higher than those in autumn (average at 3 stations: 1.02 ± 0.28 µg m -3 ) and winter (average at 3 stations: 1.04 ± 0.48 µg m -3 ) due to the impacts by heavy traffic emission and new particle formation event. The effective density (ρ eff ) and dynamic shape factor (χ) for ultrafine particles (UFPs) were found to be 0.68 ± 0.16 g cm -3 and 2.06 ± 0.19, respectively, suggesting that the particle morphology was irregular shape. Based on the calculated ρ eff and χ, the average number and surface area concentration ratio of UFPs to those of PM 2.5 at these monitoring stations was determined to be 89.0 ± 5.5% and 42.1 ± 12.8%, respectively, suggesting that UFPs contribute significantly to the health-relevant PM 2.5 aerosol fraction in these stations.

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Influence of trans-boundary biomass burning impacted air masses on submicron particle number concentrations and size distributions

Cited by 17 publications

References 59 publications

Open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical aging, and secondary organic aerosol formation

Open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical aging, and secondary organic aerosol formation

Indoor human exposure to size-fractionated aerosols during the 2015 Southeast Asian smoke haze and assessment of exposure mitigation strategies

Ultrafine Particles and PM2.5 at Three Urban Air Monitoring Stations in Northern Taiwan from 2011 to 2013

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