Influence of Toxoplasma gondii Acute Infection on Cholinesterase Activities of Wistar Rats

Tonin, Alexandre Alberto; Silva, Aleksandro S. Da; Thorstenberg, Maria Luiza; Castilhos, Lívia Gelain; França, Raqueli Teresinha; Leal, Daniela Bitencourt Rosa; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores; Rue, Mario Luiz de la; Lopes, Sônia Terezinha dos Anjos

doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.421

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Considering the lymphocyte cell types that are predominant in gerbils (45), the reason of the high percentage of neutrophil is probably an inflammatory response to the tachyzoite proliferation during infection. However, Tonin et al (47) reported that the numbers of circulating lymphocytes were increased in T. gondiiinfected rats. Tonin et al (47) found that the number of lymphocytes was higher in toxoplasma-infected rats however in this study neutrophil percentage was found to be higher in toxoplasma-infected gerbils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, Tonin et al (47) reported that the numbers of circulating lymphocytes were increased in T. gondiiinfected rats. Tonin et al (47) found that the number of lymphocytes was higher in toxoplasma-infected rats however in this study neutrophil percentage was found to be higher in toxoplasma-infected gerbils. This discrepancy can be related to the different sampling period of these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils

ÇINAR¹

2015

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in experimental infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii in gerbil. A total of 16 gerbil, 8 of which were control and 8 was infection group, were used in the study. The gerbils were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 5000 T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. In group of, the gerbil were sacrificed at 7th day after inoculation. At the end of this period, blood samples collected and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, plasma aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotranspherase (ALT) activities, total protein, albumin, globulin were determined. Besides, hematological parameters were analysed in whole blood. Aspartat aminotransferase and ALT activities and MDA concentrations and neutrophil percentage and total leukocyte counts increased significantly in infected group when compared to control. In infected group, SOD activities, albumin concentrations and lymhocyte percentage decreased when compared to control. The results of this study suggest that oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in gerbils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils

ÇINAR¹

2015

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Whereas, indirect effects can involve immune response to chronic toxoplasmosis (28); the direct effects are probably due to the mechanical presence of the T. gondii in the brain or their effects or products on neuronal cells biology (29). Regarding direct effects of chronic toxoplasmosis, infection by T. gondii is able to affect cholinesterase activity and enhance the AChE levels in brain of infected mice (14, 15). ACh play a main role in the regulation of learning and memory functions (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, T. gondii infection enhances the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a membrane-bound enzyme which hydrolyses ACh (14, 15). Donepezil hydrochloride is a well-known anti-dementia drug that increases acetylcholine levels via inhibition of AChE and improve learning and memory impairments (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zataria Multiflora Boiss Improves Learning And Memory Impairment Induced By Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Mahmoudvand¹,

Esmaeelpour²,

Ziaali³

et al. 2017

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Recent epidemiological and experimental studies also showed that latent toxoplasmosis can lead to a number of neurological and behavioral disorders such as learning and memory impairments. Recent studies showed that the essential oil and methanolic extract of the Zataria multiflora revealed a significant anticholinesterase activity on in vitro ().Here, we evaluated the effect of Z. multiflora essential oil to ameliorate learning and memory impairments induced by T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice. The animal model of Toxoplasma infection was established by the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from Tehran strain of T. gondii. Morris water maze (MWM) task was used to assay spatial learning and short term spatial memory in all groups. The findings revealed that in this study demonstrated that latent toxoplasmosis impaired spatial leaning and short term spatial memory of the infected BALB/c mice, while ZME, due having AChE inhibitor activity, improved impairments induced by Toxoplasma infection. The obtained findings demonstrated ZME as an AChE inhibitor to improves learning and memory disorders in mice with latent toxoplasmosis probably via restoring ACh levels in brain. However, additional studies are needed to clarify these mechanisms and also other possible ones.

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“…Cholinesterases are enzymes present in cholinergic and noncholinergic tissues, as well as in blood and other body fluids. The AChE is a mernbrane-bound enzyme mainly found in the brain, muscles, erythrocytes, Iymphocytes, and cholinergic neurons [19,20] , while BChE is present in the intestine, liver, kidney, heart, lung, brain, and serum [21,22] . AChE inhibits activation of macrophages and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-18 [23] .…”

Section: Group Of Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexplained Liver Damage, Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, and Steatohepatitis May Be Caused by Latent Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Prandota

2019

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

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T. gondii is a globally distributed intracellular protozoan parasite affecting approximately 5-90% of human population and causing a variety of so far neglected diseases and clinical entities in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Acute infection of the parasite in mice caused marked reduction in serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and liver damage. BChE and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are biomarkers of low-grade systemic inflammation and earlier it was suggested that the elevation of these two bioparameters may predict development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Serum BChE activity was found to be associated with overweight, obesity, and body fat distribution parameters. Recently, a positive association between T. gondii seropositivity and obesity has also been reported. Infection with the parasite was linked with the increase in the number of hepatic stellate cells known to play an important role in the development of fibrosis and its advancement to cirrhosis.of any etiology. Moreover, several authors suggested that hepatitis with a clinical picture resembling acute viral hepatitis result from T. gondii infection. Abnormalities associated with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis markedly affect acquired immunity of the host and probably participate in triggering and persistence of several autoimmune diseases, especially that anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies have been found in the sera of both patients suffering from these clinical entities and in healthy individuals. Oxidative stress and immunosuppresion due to the infection play an important role in these processes. It should be also noted that mammalian as well as the parasite cells, express two cholesteryl ester-synthesizing enzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2, which share 44-47% of amino acid homology. ACAT1 is present in various cells and tissues, while ACAT2 expression is restricted to hepatocytes and intestinal mucosal cells. The parasite enzymes TgACAT1 and TgACAT2 localized to endoplasmic reticulum can synthesize and store abundant esters of cholesterol and triglycerides. The lifelong persistence and resulting surplus of ACAT1 and ACAT2, and TgACAT1 and TgACAT2 enzymatic activities especially in hepatocytes and/or intestinal cells of the host may therefore at least in part be responsible for development of steatohepatitis, and generation of ballooning hepatocytes, foamy macrophages, and clear cells (foamy) colitis. These abnormalities can be explained by the suppressed autophagy (it regulates lipid metabolism) in the liver due to proliferation of T. gondii. In alcoholic steatohepatitis, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes may also at least partly result from the fact that ethanol dose-dependently stimulate microneme secretion in T. gondii tachyzoites and parasite attachment to the host cells, thus facilitating infection of the hepatic cells. The increased serum iron levels and hepatic iron overload reported in the patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis may be caused by the excess of NO produced by activated macrophages and h...

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Influence of Toxoplasma gondii Acute Infection on Cholinesterase Activities of Wistar Rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils

Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils

Zataria Multiflora Boiss Improves Learning And Memory Impairment Induced By Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Unexplained Liver Damage, Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, and Steatohepatitis May Be Caused by Latent Chronic Toxoplasmosis

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