Influence of tool steel microstructure on origin of galling initiation and wear mechanisms under dry sliding against a carbon steel sheet

Gåård, Anders; Krakhmalev, Pavel; Bergström, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.013

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Comparing this semi-continuous layer with that of the other worn surfaces of Fig. 6, it can be figured out that the carbide rich layers show a positive effect in terms of material resistance against the wear due to low adhesion of the carbide particles to the alumina ball [14]. In these regions, the observed microgrooves and plowing suggest the predominance of abrasive wear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Wear properties of friction stir processed AISI D2 tool steel

Yasavol

Ramalho

2015

Tribology International

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Wear properties of friction stir processed AISI D2 tool steel

Yasavol

Ramalho

2015

Tribology International

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“…Wear damage features that precede galling observed in sheet metal forming progress through a number of stages including: asperity smoothing and plastic deformation, abrasive damage of various scales and finally progressing to galling damage [5,7,8]. These distinct surface features can be observed on both the tooling and formed parts [9]. Characterisation is further complicated in sheet metal stamping of irregularly shaped parts, where varying contact conditions can lead to localised wear that develops at different rates.…”

Section: Galling Wear Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8]. The shallow depth of abrasive damage preceding galling damage in sheet metal stamping can often be on the same scale as bulk material asperities, which can make characterisation using 2D profilometry difficult [9]. Calculating an aggregate profile by taking the mean of multiple adjacent 2D profiles can assist with minimising the asperity noise ratio when attempting to isolate these galling related features.…”

Section: Galling Wear Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At each level the wavelet function is scaled to provide coefficients that represent different wavelet frequency bandwidths. In sliding wear conditions, it has been shown that the abrasive damage preceding galling can be of similar depth as the existing surface asperities or roughness [9]. From this it has been inferred that wear features will be active in the same high frequency component of a surface profile as roughness.…”

Section: Frequency Analysis Of Surface Profiles and Wavelet Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new methodology for measuring galling wear severity in high strength steels

Voss

Pereira

Rolfe

et al. 2017

Wear

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A new methodology for measuring galling wear severity in high strength steels, Wear, http://dx. AbstractWith the increased usage of Advanced High Strength Steels, galling wear has become a significant challenge for sheet metal stamping industries. Galling, in particular, can have a large economic impact due to the high costs and lost productivity associated with manual monitoring, refinishing/resurfacing damaged tooling and formed parts, and the need to apply expensive treatments or coatings to tool surfaces. This has led to a push for automated galling wear detection systems. However, developing such systems requires an accurate measurement of galling wear severity that can be easily implemented in industrial situations. Parameters used for measuring galling wear are often difficult to collect in large industrial style trials, and can be inaccurate as they are not targeted towards characterising the localised features associated with galling wear damage. In this study, a new galling wear characterisation and measurement methodology is introduced that accurately measures galling wear severity by targeting the localised features on sheet metal parts. This methodology involves calculating Discrete Wavelet Transform detail coefficients of 2D surface profiles. A case study on a series of deep drawn channel parts demonstrates the accuracy of the Discrete Wavelet Transform methodology when compared to visual assessment of galling wear severity. Based on comparison to visual assessment the presented Discrete Wavelet Transform galling wear measurement methodology outperforms other commonly used wear measures. The methodology provides a targeted, repeatable and non-subjective measure of galling wear severity. The specific outcome of this work provides an important tool for research into galling wear monitoring and detection systems in sheet metal forming, and the study of galling wear and its prevention in general.

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“…The SOFS wear test equipment has previously been shown to accurately replicate the galling processes found in industrial sheet metal forming operations for lubricated and dry test conditions (Gåård,et al (2); (20)- (22); van der Heide and Schipper (3); Hanson, et al (13)). The contact pressures involved in SOFS tests have not previously been calculated, and any comparison to industrial forming operations have only been made based on comparative ranking.…”

Section: Manuscript Received February 18 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Influence of Contact Geometry and Contact Pressure on Sliding Distance to Galling in the Slider-on-Flat-Surface Wear Tester

Lindvall

Gåård

Krakhmalev

et al. 2013

Tribology Transactions

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One of the major causes of tool failure in sheet metal forming is wear in the form of galling. Galling is gradual buildup of adhered sheet material on the tool and leads to unacceptable scratches on the sheet surface and to components that fail to meet tolerances. Because it is difficult to reproduce operational and interactional conditions in laboratory test equipments it is hard to test, model, and predict galling initiation.Here the authors examine how changes from elliptical to line contact geometry influenced galling initiation under dry sliding by using a slider-on-flat surface (SOFS) wear tester. A micro clean tool steel was tested against ferritic low-strength and martensitic high-strength steel sheets.The sliding distance to galling initiation was extracted from friction data and verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The presence of adhesive wear on worn tools after completed tests was used as a criterion. Experimental results showed that the elliptical contact causes galling quicker than the line contact.Applicability of experimental results depends on the relevance of test conditions, so contact pressures calculated for the described tests were compared to calculated contact pressures in a semi-industrial U-bending test and to literature data relevant to industrial applications. Good agreement between values observed for SOFS and for most selected industrial applications was found, which assume that contact pressures typical for most common industrial applications can be successfully simulated by selection of tool geometry and normal load in the SOFS tester.

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Influence of tool steel microstructure on origin of galling initiation and wear mechanisms under dry sliding against a carbon steel sheet

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Wear properties of friction stir processed AISI D2 tool steel

Wear properties of friction stir processed AISI D2 tool steel

A new methodology for measuring galling wear severity in high strength steels

Study of the Influence of Contact Geometry and Contact Pressure on Sliding Distance to Galling in the Slider-on-Flat-Surface Wear Tester

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