Influence of Timing and Method of Harvest on Rapeseed Yield

Thomas, Daniel L.; Brevé, M. A.; Raymer, Paul L.

doi:10.2134/jpa1991.0266

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Loss of seeds through the shattering of the seed-bearing pods before and during harvest is common in oilseed rape (Hobson and Bruce, 2002;Gulden et al, 2003a;Morgan et al, 1998;Price et al, 1996;Thomas et al, 1991). When the seeds reach maturity, the pods become fragile and easily split open, resulting in losses that can reach up to 10% of the seed yield.…”

Section: Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvesting at the optimum stage of pod development gives lower losses than harvesting at later dates. Delaying harvest may double the seed losses (Thomas et al, 1991). Compared to spring oilseed rape, the determination of the optimal harvest moment of winter oilseed rape is more difficult, owing to the longer, less uniform period of seed ripening (Morgan et al, 1998;Price et al, 1996;Thomas et al, 1991).…”

Section: Practical Measures To Limit Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Devos

Reheul

Schrijver

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

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Section: Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Measures To Limit Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Devos

Reheul

Schrijver

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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show abstract

“…Within agricultural fields, seeds can be lost through the shattering of the seed-bearing pods before and during harvest. At seed maturity the pods become fragile and easily split open, resulting in losses that can reach up to 10% of the seed yield (Thomas et al, 1991;Price et al, 1996;Morgan et al, 1998;Hobson and Bruce, 2002;Gulden et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Definition and Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

Devos

Hails

Messéan³

et al. 2011

Transgenic Res

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Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.1 | P a g e KEYWORDSGenetically modified oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, seed spillage, ferality, persistence, invasiveness, coexistence, introgression 2 | P a g e ABSTRACTOne of the concerns surrounding the import (for food and feed uses or processing) of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape is that, through seed spillage, the herbicide tolerance (HT) trait will escape into agricultural or semi-natural habitats, causing environmental or economic problems. Based on these concerns, three EU countries have invoked national safeguard clauses to ban the marketing of specific GMHT oilseed rape events on their territory. However, the scientific basis for the environmental and economic concerns posed by feral GMHT oilseed rape resulting from seed import spills is debatable.While oilseed rape has characteristics such as secondary dormancy and small seed size that enable it to persist and be redistributed in the landscape, the presence of ferals is not in itself an environmental or economic problem. Crucially, feral oilseed rape has not become invasive outside cultivated and ruderal habitats, and HT traits are not likely to result in increased invasiveness. Feral GMHT oilseed rape has the potential to introduce HT traits to volunteer weeds in agricultural fields, but would only be amplified if the herbicides to which HT volunteers are tolerant were used routinely in the field. However, this worst-case scenario is most unlikely, as seed import spills are mostly confined to port areas. Economic concerns revolve around the potential for feral GMHT oilseed rape to contribute to GM admixtures in non-GM crops. Since feral plants derived from cultivation (as distinct from import) occur at too low a frequency to affect the coexistence threshold of 0.9% in the EU, it can be concluded that feral GMHT plants resulting from seed import spills will have little relevance as a potential source of pollen or seed for GM admixture. This paper concludes that feral oilseed rape in Europe should not be routinely managed, and certainly not in semi-natural habitats, as the benefits of such action would not outweigh the negative effects of management.3 | P a g e INTRODUCTIONThe global area cropped with genetically modified (GM) crops has consistently increased each year since they were first commercially cultivated in 1996 (1.7 million hectares), reaching 148 million hectares in 2010 (James, 2010). The advent of GM crops and their rapid expansion in terms of cropping area evoked intense debate about their safety (Hails, 2000; Devos et al., 2008b;Waltz, 2009; Gaskell et al., 2011). Concerns have been raised that the commercial release of GM crops could result in adverse environmental and economic effects.Environmental concerns include the potential for altered fitness of the crop ...

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“…(Anonymous 1987). However, premature swathing of canola often reduces seed yield (Brown et al 1999), weight per seed (Thomas et al 1991), and seed oil concentration (Ogilvy 1989). Early swathing of immature crop plants may result in chlorophyll retention in the embryo (Cenkowski et al 1989), which increases costs for oil processing due to the requirement for chlorophyll removal (Daun 1982).…”

Section: ------------------------------------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing harvest schemes to improve yield and feeding quality in chickpea

Gan¹,

Iwaasa²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Late maturity often causes substantial losses in yield and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the short growing season in western Canada. This study determined optimum harvest management practices to minimize losses due to late maturity. Kabuli chickpea was grown in southwestern Saskatchewan from 2002 to 2004, and seed and straw were harvested with various harvest management practices. Seed yield in 2004 was higher compared with 2002 and 2003, but the 2004 seed samples had a high percentage of shrivelled and green seeds. Seed yield, weight per seed and harvest index (HI) were highest when the crop was directly combined at natural maturity either before or after a killing (-5°C) frost. On average, swathing at early or late maturity stages decreased seed yield, weight per seed and HI significantly compared with direct combine practices. Seeds from the swathing treatments had high percentages of green and shrivelled seeds with high levels of fungal colonization. Both seed and straw from swathing had the poorest feeding quality measured as neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and organic matter content and digestibility. Desiccation of chickpea plants with Reglone or low dosages of glyphosate when 80% of pods had turned colour did not advance plant maturity, nor did they affect seed yield or HI compared with direct combine practices. It is concluded that in the short growing season in western Canada, harvest of chickpea at natural maturity either prior to or after a killing frost may optimize the seed yield and quality. Regardless of harvest practices, the quality of both seed and straw in chickpea may be suitable as salvage feed materials for beef livestock. Key words: Cicer arietinum, desiccation, direct-combine, maturity, glyphosate stress, swath, salvage feed

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Influence of Timing and Method of Harvest on Rapeseed Yield

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

Optimizing harvest schemes to improve yield and feeding quality in chickpea

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