Influence of Time Intervals between Bleaching Procedures on Enamel Microhardness and Surface Roughness

Oliveira, Roberta Pimentel de; Baia, Juliana Costa Pereira; Ribeiro, Mara Eliane Soares; Souza, Mário Honorato da Silva e; Loretto, Sandro Cordeiro

doi:10.2174/1874210601812010555

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Approximately one third of CP decomposes to HP, which is the active agent of bleaching ( 1 , 4 , 8 , 9 , 12 ). Peroxides are unsTable substances that, in contact with dental tissues and moisture, release free radicals such as oxygen ions, which have the ability to diffuse through enamel and dentin and cause the oxidation of pigmented molecules that cause the tooth structure to darken ( 4 , 6 , 8 , 11 - 14 ). Home-use bleaching agents have been widely used in recent years, but some patients do not want to use bleaching trays or wait a few weeks to see the results of the bleaching, so these patients seek the in-office bleaching treatment that has more immediate results ( 2 , 3 , 11 , 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bleaching effectiveness as well as the changes caused on enamel surface and side effects depends mainly on relationship established between the concentration of gel and its time of use, and may also be influenced by diffusion capacity of bleaching agent and its pH ( 4 - 6 , 9 , 11 , 14 ). The pH can change not only the bleaching efficacy, but it can also reduce the hardness, increase the roughness and cause the wear of tooth enamel ( 6 , 13 , 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bleaching agents on hardness, surface roughness and color parameters of dental enamel

et al. 2020

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Background In this study was evaluated the effect of carbamide peroxide (CP) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) in different concentrations on hardness, roughness, and color parameters (color change - ΔE, lightness - ΔL, and yellow-blue axis - Δb) of bovine teeth. Material and Methods Fifty square dental blocks (7 x 7 x 2 mm) were submitted to initial readings of Knoop hardness, surface roughness (Ra), and color parameters. Specimens were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): control group was kept in artificial saliva during the experimental period; CP 20% was bleached for 2 h daily for 14 days, HP 9.5% was bleached for 30 min daily for 14 days, HP 38% the bleaching gel was applied for 15 min, gel was removed and it was reapplied for two more times, the bleaching session was repeated for another 2 times every 7 days, totaling three sessions, and in CP 45% three sessions of 30 min each were performed of 7 in 7 days. All groups after the bleaching procedures had the bleaching gel removed, washed, and kept in artificial saliva. At the end of bleaching treatment, the hardness, roughness, and color parameters (ΔE, ΔL, and Δb) were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett tests (α = 0.05). Results Bleaching promoted a reduction in hardness, the CP 45% showed the lowest hardness and the CP 20% the highest, the HP 9.5% and HP 38% showed intermediate values of hardness. Bleaching agents did not affect the roughness. CP 20% and HP 38% promoted the highest values of ΔE and higher reduction of yellowish tone of tooth. Lightness increase after bleaching treatment for all groups. Conclusions All the bleaching agents tested showed effectiveness, but with reduced hardness. Key words: Carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, tooth whitening, hardness, roughness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bleaching agents on hardness, surface roughness and color parameters of dental enamel

et al. 2020

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“…Both properties had negative changes, drawing the attention to the large increase of roughness which directly interferes in the vitreous aspect of the enamel. The authors stated that the lower the saliva-enamel contact time between sessions (2 days), the lower the protective effect, which was visualized in the group with a 7-day interval 13 .…”

Section: G1 -Sevenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of 2015, evaluated the effect of decreasing interval's time between clinical bleaching sessions on the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity, using 35% hydrogen peroxide (35% HP), and concluded that reduction of the interval from seven to two days had similar teeth whitening response and, also, reduced the treatment time without increasing the bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity 12 . Nonetheless, an in vitro study of 2018 found that the reduction in time interval between sessions to 2 days might cause a decrease in microhardness and augment in roughness 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The available literature on the possible deleterious effects on enamel structure when clinical sessions are performed in a shorter interval of time are still scarce [13][14][15] . Thus, it is necessary to elucidate if changing treatment duration, by reducing the interval between bleaching sessions, any damage can be observed, such as a pronounced enamel loss, even in presence of saliva (SA) that contains remineralizing agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Different Time Intervals among the in-Office Bleaching Sessions on the Tooth Enamel Mass Variation

et al. 2019

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This study evaluated the effect of different time intervals between tooth bleaching sessions on the variation of tooth enamel mass, using a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP35) gel. Twenty bovine incisor teeth were collected and cross-sectioned twice, leaving only the middle coronal portion. The dentin layer was removed, leaving only the buccal dental enamel. The samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10): G1 (with a 7-day time interval between each bleaching session), and G2 (with a 2-day time interval between each bleaching session). Three bleaching sessions were performed for each group. Each specimen’s mass was measured using an electronic analytical scale, first at the beginning of the experiments (T0), and then immediately after each bleaching intervention (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). All samples were stored in artificial saliva and kept in a biological chamber during the time of the study. The data analysis was performed using ANOVA for the related samples (p = 0.05). The results showed a reduction in the enamel mass values in G2 after the 3rd session when comparing to enamel mass values presented at the beginning of the study. On the other hand, G1 presented an increase in the mass values at the end of the third session, and these intragroup differences were statistically significant (p <0.001). It was concluded that bleaching treatment with 7-day intervals between sessions leads to no tooth enamel mass loss, whereas the reduced 2–day time interval between sessions caused a significant tooth enamel mass loss. Keywords: Tooth. Tooth Bleaching. Tooth Enamel. Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes intervalos de tempo entre as sessões de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (PH35) sobre a variação de massa do esmalte dental. Foram utilizados 20 dentes incisivos bovinos hígidos, seccionados em duas porções transversais, com a camada de dentina vestibular toda removida, restando apenas o esmalte dental vestibular. As amostras foram distribuídas em 2 grupos (n=10): G1 - intervalo de tempo de 7 dias entre as sessões de clareamento, e G2 - Intervalo de 2 dias entre as sessões de clareamento. Foram realizadas 3 aplicações de gel clareador em cada grupo. A pesagem dos espécimes foi realizada antes do início do tratamento clareador e ao final de cada intervenção clareadora, em uma balança analítica eletrônica. Os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial, e mantidos em estufa biológica. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA para amostras relacionadas (p=0.05). O G2 apresentou uma redução nos valores de massa do esmalte quando comparados os tempos antes do clareamento (T0 - 0.1650g) e após a 3° sessão (T3 - 0.1643g). Entretanto, o G1 apresentou um aumento nos valores de massa ao término da terceira sessão (T0 - 0.1615g e T3 - 0.1624g), sendo essas diferenças intragrupos estatisticamente significantes (p<0.001). Foi possível concluir que no clareamento com intervalo de 7 dias entre as sessões não houve perda de massa do esmalte dental, ao passo que quando reduzido o intervalo entre as sessões para 2 dias, uma perda significativa de massa foi observada. Palavras-chave: Dente. Clareamento Dental. Esmalte Dentário.

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The Effect of Neutral Sodium Fluoride, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Nano-Carbonate Apatite on Enamel Surface Roughness and Staining after Home Bleaching

Alshamrani¹,

Awliya²

2019

Int J Dent Oral Health

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of neutral sodium fluoride gel (Flor-Opal), Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate is containing paste (GC Tooth Mousse) and nano-carbonate Apatite Paste (n-CAP), on enamel surface roughness and staining ability after home bleaching in vitro.Material and Methods: Eighty enamel specimens were divided into four groups according to enamel surface treatments that were applied after bleaching (n=20). Group 1 (control group) kept in artificial saliva, group 2 assigned to Flor-Opal gel, group 3 for GC Tooth Mousse and group 4 for n-CAP. Baseline average roughness (Ra 1 ) of all surfaces was measured using Talysurf Intra 50 instrument profilometer, and the initial color of the specimens (ΔE) was recorded using Color Eye 7000A Spectrophotometer. The specimens were subjected to bleaching for 2 weeks with 10% carbamide peroxide. After bleaching, the average surface roughness (Ra 2 ) and the color difference (ΔE 1 ) measurements were retaken. Then, surface treatments were applied for 2 weeks according to manufacturer instructions for the four groups then the third average surface roughness (Ra 3 ) was recorded. After that, specimens were stained with coffee 10 minutes per day for 2 weeks. Finally, measurements of color differences after staining were evaluated (ΔE 2 ).Results: Statistically significant increase in surface roughness and color change of all enamel specimens were noticed after bleaching. After the application of the three surface treatments, enamel treated with n-CAP showed a significant reduction in surface roughness (P=0.002) and recorded the lowest color change after staining (ΔE 2 =4.1). The treatment of bleached enamel surfaces with Flor-Opal and GC Tooth Mousse did not significantly reduce the increased roughness resulted from bleaching (p=0.57 and 0.08 respectively). However, no significant difference in color was found between the specimens treated with Flor-Opal, GC Tooth Mousse, and specimens treated with n-CAP after staining. Conclusions: N-CAP was effective in reducing enamel surface roughness resulted from bleaching. Also, n-CAP was able to reduce enamel re-staining after bleaching.

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Influence of Time Intervals between Bleaching Procedures on Enamel Microhardness and Surface Roughness

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of bleaching agents on hardness, surface roughness and color parameters of dental enamel

Effect of bleaching agents on hardness, surface roughness and color parameters of dental enamel

Influence of Different Time Intervals among the in-Office Bleaching Sessions on the Tooth Enamel Mass Variation

The Effect of Neutral Sodium Fluoride, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Nano-Carbonate Apatite on Enamel Surface Roughness and Staining after Home Bleaching

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