Influence of Tillage, Cover Crop, and Preemergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Pumpkin Yield

Walters, S. Alan; Young, Bryan G.; Krausz, Ronald F.

doi:10.1080/19315260801934670

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Globally, weeds are the main problem for pumpkin growers (Starke et al, 2006;Trader et al, 2007;Walters et al, 2008;Kammler et al, 2010). Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), common lambs quarters (Chenopodium album), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), foxtails (Setaria spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Tolerance of Pumpkin Species to Bentazon, Metribuzin, Trifluralin, and Oxyfluorfen

et al. 2017

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-Response of pumpkin species including Cucurbita pepo convar. Pepo, Cucurbita moschata Duch, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Lagenaria vulgaris to bentazon, trifluralin, metribuzin, and oxyfluorfen was evaluated in Outdoor pot experiments in 2014 and 2015. Different postemergence doses (bentazon and oxyfluorfen) and preplant incorporated (metribuzin and trifluralin) herbicides were evaluted on pumpkin species at various growth stages. Results showed that the sensitivity of pumpkins species to applied herbicide varied greatly among tested species. On overall, dry weights of Cucurbita spp. were reduced by 12.50%, 48.60%, 23%, and 73.13% when pumpkin was treated with trifluralin, metribuzin, bentazon and oxyfluorfen, respectively. Pumpkin crops were not tolerant of metribuzin and oxyfluorfen and plants showed injures. Results indicated that trifluralin and bentazon have the potential for possible application in pumpkin particularly when broadleaf weeds are dominant.Keywords: broadleaf weeds, crop, dominant weeds, sensitivity. RESUMO -A reação de espécies de abóbora, incluindo

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Differential Tolerance of Pumpkin Species to Bentazon, Metribuzin, Trifluralin, and Oxyfluorfen

et al. 2017

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“…Small-seeded annual broadleaf weeds tend to be suppressed more easily by the mulch and thus are more dominant in tilled organic systems [23][24][25]; if fields have adequate mulch biomass and complete cover crop termination, up to 80% control of common annual weeds in winter rye stands have been reported [26]. Perennial weeds are less sensitive to suppression by the mulch and readily proliferate in the system over time [25,27].…”

Section: Organic Soybean Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under typical cropping conditions, rye can produce biomass levels that range from 4000−11,000 kg·ha −1 [22] (Table 1). Research has demonstrated that in order to reliably suppress weeds as a surface mulch, the fall-planted cereal grain cover crop must reach biomass levels at the higher end of this range, ideally exceeding 8000 kg·ha −1 [26,28]. This allows the mulch to effectively limit weed populations by not only physically interfering with the emergence process, but also preventing the breaking of seed dormancy and inhibiting weed germination through allelopathy [27].…”

Section: Organic Soybean Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Progress in Organic Cover Crop-Based Reduced Tillage Practices in the Upper Midwestern USA

Silva

Delate

2017

Agriculture

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Abstract:The organic industry continues to expand in the United States (U.S.), with 14,093 organic farms in 2014. The upper Midwestern U.S. has emerged as a hub for organic row crop production; however, the management of these organic row crop hectares heavily relies on tillage and cultivation for weed control. Faced with the soil quality challenges related to these practices, and cognizant of the benefits of conventional no-till practices, organic farmers have shown significant interest in the development of Cover Crop-Based Reduced Tillage (CCBRT) techniques to lessen soil disturbance while achieving successful weed management. To serve this farmer interest, significant research efforts have been conducted in the upper Midwestern U.S., focused on systems-based practices to ensure adequate suppression of weeds, through a combination of agronomic and cover crop species and variety selection. Within this review article, we discuss the agronomic successes that have been achieved in CCBRT using a combination of cereal rye and soybeans, resulting in consistent suppression of weeds while providing fuel and labor savings for farmers, as well as the continued challenges that have persisted with its implementation. Continued investment in research focused on cover crop breeding and management, optimization of CCBRT equipment and fertility management, and a greater understanding of rotation effects will contribute to the further expansion of this technique across organic farms.

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“…The use of NT practices for pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) production is becoming popular in the eastern and midwestern United States (Harrelson et al, 2007;Morse et al, 2001;O'Rourke and Peterson, 2016;Rapp et al, 2004;Walters, 2016;Walters et al, 2008). Many growers understand that NT practices not only provide an effective, cost-efficient means of reducing soil erosion but will also increase soil organic matter and improve both water conservation and nutrient-holding capacities of soils (Johnson and Hoyt, 1999;O'Rourke and Peterson, 2016;Walters, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, pumpkin fruit produced in NT systems tend to be cleaner with little to no soil attached onto the fruit skin surface, which results from pumpkins residing on cover crop or other crop residues. These pumpkins often garner a premium price compared with those fruit grown in conventional tillage (CT), which often have soil attached to the skin (Walters et al, 2008).…”

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Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Associated Revenues in No-tillage Pumpkin

Walters¹

2020

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The use of no tillage (NT) integrated with cover cropping is a management practice that is becoming more popular with commercial ‘jack-o-lantern’ pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) growers in the eastern and midwestern United States, although little is known about nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements for this production system. A field study was established at the Southern Illinois University Horticulture Research Center in Carbondale to evaluate the yield response of pumpkin and associated revenues to N fertilization in a NT production system after wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest. Nitrogen application rate affected pumpkin leaf chlorophyll content, and resulting yields and revenues. At all sampling dates, pumpkin fertilized with 224 kg·ha−1 N had the greatest leaf chlorophyll content. Quadratic relationships best described pumpkin fruit size and diameter increase with N rates from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. Furthermore, pumpkin fruit number and weight per hectare also increased in a quadratic manner, as N application rates increased from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. The application of 168 kg·ha−1 N also provided high yields and large fruit sizes, although quadratic models indicated that maximum net revenues for NT pumpkins were achieved with 224 kg·ha−1 N. Growers applying 224 kg·ha−1 N would increase net revenues by ≈54%, 52%, and 51% at pumpkin fruit price points of $0.33, $0.44, $0.55 per kg, respectively, compared with 0 kg·ha−1 N fertilization. An additional 123 kg·ha−1 N from fertilizer was required for NT pumpkin production after wheat harvest in fields with high amounts of cereal straw residues on the soil surface compared with the 101 kg·ha−1 N recommended for conventional tillage systems with no cover crop residues. This study suggests that N fertilizer investments will provide significant monetary returns in NT pumpkin systems. However, the 168 kg·ha−1 N rate provided the highest return on fertilizer investment at all pumpkin pricing points compared with all other N rates evaluated. Additionally, pumpkins grown in NT systems using a winter grain crop that is ended at flowering should require similar N amounts, because little N is used during heading and grain ripening. Although growers often look for ways to reduce input costs in vegetable production systems, N fertilization is clearly an important investment that provides increased yields and revenues in NT pumpkins. The results of this study should provide additional information to establish N fertilizer recommendations for NT pumpkin production.

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Influence of Tillage, Cover Crop, and Preemergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Pumpkin Yield

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Differential Tolerance of Pumpkin Species to Bentazon, Metribuzin, Trifluralin, and Oxyfluorfen

Differential Tolerance of Pumpkin Species to Bentazon, Metribuzin, Trifluralin, and Oxyfluorfen

A Decade of Progress in Organic Cover Crop-Based Reduced Tillage Practices in the Upper Midwestern USA

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Associated Revenues in No-tillage Pumpkin

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