Influence of Thyroid Hormone on Glycogen Metabolism in Rat Liver

Creatine Treatment to Relieve Muscle Pain Caused by Thyroxine Replacement Therapy

“…The effects of thyroxine replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism [10] are in conformity with animal experiments, which provided evidence that after thyroxine administration, glycogenolysis predominates over glycogen synthesis [11]. However, the long‐term replacement therapy could have exhausted the muscle glycogen stores of our patient.…”

“…The effects of thyroxine replacement therapy on patients with hypothyroidism [10] are in conformity with animal experiments, which provided evidence that in thyroxine administration, glycogenolysis predominates over glycogen synthesis [11], leading to the exhaustion of the stored energy. The inadequate amount of chemical energy of ATP in muscular mitochondria was indicated by the supplementary substrate level phosphorylation manifested by the elevated creatine kinase activity of our patient.…”

Hepatic carbon flux after re-feeding. Hyperthyroidism blocks glycogen synthesis and the suppression of glucose output observed in response to carbohydrate re-feeding

“…The inhibition of glycogen synthesis after glycerol re-feeding suggests an additional, critical, site of action of thyroid hormone distal to G6Pase. Investigations of direct effects of hyperthyroidism on the enzymes of glycogen metabolism have yielded conflicting results [35][36][37][38][39][40]. In one study, under conditions where glycogen was depleted, basal phosphorylase a activity was decreased [35], whereas synthase a was increased [36].…”

“…In one study, under conditions where glycogen was depleted, basal phosphorylase a activity was decreased [35], whereas synthase a was increased [36]. In other studies phosphorylase a was increased [37], while synthase activity was unaffected [38][39][40]. Clearly, further experiments are required to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which the hyperthyroid state may modify the activities of these enzymes after re-feeding.…”

Changes in cyclic AMP level of rat thyroid by acute and chronic stimulation of thyrotropin in vivo.

“…After centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 5min in a refrigerated centrifuge, the supernatant was neutralized with 4.5 M of K2CO3 using methyl orange, as an indicator (Takahashi and Suzuki, 1975) . After removing the precipitate by centrifugation, the supernatant was used for cyclic AMP determination.…”