Influence of thermal and morphological characteristics on mechanical responses of polypropylene/γ‐irradiated elastomer blends

Dutta, Anindya; Ghosh, Anup K.

doi:10.1002/app.46597

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The oversized PGA particles with poor interfacial adhesion caused defects in the PETG matrix that induced the formation of cracks, which developed rapidly under tensile stress. Similar experimental results have also been reported for many other blends [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Preparation and Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate)/Polyglycolic Acid (PETG/PGA) Blends

Wang

Shen

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Polyglycolic acid (PGA) is used as a reinforcing component to enhance the mechanical properties of poly(ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate) (PETG). The tensile performance, micromorphology, crystallinity, heat resistance, and melt mass flow rates (MFRs) of PETG/PGA blends with varying PGA contents were studied. Both the tensile yield strength and tensile modulus of the PETG/PGA blends increased gradually with an increase in the PGA content from 0 to 35 wt%. The tensile yield strength of the PETG/PGA (65/35) blend increased by 8.7% (44.38 to 48.24 MPa), and the tensile modulus increased by 40.2% (1076 to 1509 MPa). However, its tensile ductility decreased drastically, owing to the poor interfacial compatibility of PETG/PGA and the oversized PGA domains. A multiple epoxy chain extender (ADR) was introduced into the PETG/PGA (65/35) blend to improve its interfacial compatibility and rheological properties. The tensile performance, micromorphology, rheological properties, crystallinity, and heat resistance of PETG/PGA (65/35) blends with varying ADR contents were studied. The strong chain extension effect of ADR along with its reactive compatibilization improved the rheological properties and tensile ductility. By carefully controlling the ADR concentration, the performance of PETG/PGA blends can be regulated for different applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Preparation and Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate)/Polyglycolic Acid (PETG/PGA) Blends

Wang

Shen

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…For the lithiation process, the EVA colloids are stretched to accommodate the porous Si expansion. The deformation of EVA colloids adsorbs the energy caused by the volume change of porous Si, impeding the cracking of PAA molecular chain. The shaped EVA colloids recover to almost original state after the delithiation process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New, Effective, and Low-Cost Dual-Functional Binder for Porous Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Guo

Zhang

Ying

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this work, a new effective and low-cost binder applied in porous silicon anode is designed through blending of low-cost poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly-(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) latex (PAA/EVA) to avoid pulverization of electrodes and loss of electronic contact because of huge volume changes during repeated charge/ discharge cycles. PAA with a large number of carboxyl groups offers strong binding strength among porous silicon particles. EVA with high elastic property enhances the ductility of the PAA/EVA binder. The high-ductility PAA/EVA binder tolerates the huge silicon volume variations and keeps the electrode integrity during the charge/discharge cycle process. EVA colloids acting as host materials for electrolytes increase the electrolyte uptake of electrodes. The porous silicon electrode with the PAA/EVA binder exhibits a reversible capacity of 2120 mA h g −1 at 500 mA g −1 after 140 cycles because of the excellent ductility and lithium-ion transport properties of the PAA/EVA binder.

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“…However, the difference in |G*| value of P-50AE/200 and rest compositions were very minimal. In our previous study, 34 it was observed that the η* and |G*| were lower for the blends with a lower concentration of uncrosslinked elastomers, that is, 5 and 10 wt.% and eventually the foamability was also greater for these two compositions. The opposite trend of complex viscosity and vGP plot is attributed to the lower viscous modulus (G″ = G′ × tanδ) of P-50AE/200 in comparison to the P-12.5AE/200 owing to the crosslink formation inside the elastomer chains, which actually restricted the flow of the P-50AE/200 blend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The viscosity reduction of blends with elastomer having a higher extent of crosslinking is attributed to the more disintegration of crosslinked elastomer domains into smaller domains and easier slippage of them over the PP melt abiding by the action of ball bearing effect. 34 As already discussed in our previous article, 34 that crosslinked elastomers have a tendency to fragment within the blend contrary to non-irradiated elastomer phases in the PP blends. These fragmented irradiated elastomeric domains might be slipping past the PP phase at the interphase between the elastomer and PP.…”

Section: Rheological Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…While the unirradiated elastomer particles could elongate along with the cell growth and remain adherent along with the cell wall after taking the shape of the cell (ie during the stabilization process); however, the irradiated elastomer particles could not elongate along with the cell growth due to their inherent hardness and shrinks back to original size and/or fragmented in smaller sizes (high extensional force applied during foaming is subjected to the fragmentation of partially crosslinked elastomer domains), as explained in a previous paper. 36 The shrinkage of partially crosslinked elastomer domains is attributed to the intrinsic elasticity exhibited due to the crosslink points present inside the elastomers. After stabilization of foam morphology, the cells inside the polypropylene matrix developed effusively, where the partially crosslinked elastomer particles could be found as shrunken smaller elastomer particles inside the cells.

Figure 12.Schematic representation of the difference in foam processability for blends with uncrosslinked and crosslinked elastomers, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling foamability of polypropylene/γ-irradiated ethylene acrylic elastomer blends by extent of crosslinking and domain microstructure of elastomer

Dutta

Banerjee

Ghosh

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Foams of polypropylene/elastomer blends can often lead to softer foams which may not be desirable every time. Incorporating rigidity to the foams can often be made possible by preferentially crosslinking the elastomer phase prior to blending. Although foamability of polypropylene/elastomer blends has been understood in the scientific community, the influence of the extent of crosslinking in the elastomer phase is not yet understood well. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the influence of the extent of elastomer crosslinking and the blend morphological attributes (achieved by varying screw speed during melt mixing) on foamability of polypropylene/partially crosslinked elastomer blends. Crosslinking of ethylene-acrylic elastomer is carried out using gamma radiation with several doses (0, 12.5, 25, 50 kGy) before melt blending and, subsequently, 10 wt.% of the irradiated elastomers (prior optimized) are mixed with polypropylene in a micro-compounder at three different screw speeds. The microstructure development in blends is characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Frequency sweep rheological analysis is done for selected blends to identify the ease of foamability among the series of blends. Foaming of blends is done with supercritical carbon dioxide in batch mode at three different temperatures. The density reduction along with the microcellular morphology development of blends with foaming is analyzed with the screw speed, the extent of crosslinking, and foaming temperature; furthermore, the individual input parameters (the elastomer domain size, controlled by the screw speed and the extent of crosslinking, controlled by gamma radiation dose) are optimized based on the foam morphology. A uniform and good foamability were achieved at 155 and 160°C for blends with elastomers, irradiated at 12.5 and 25 kGy radiation doses. The lowest density foam (0.37 g/cc) was obtained for polypropylene with 12.5 kGy irradiated crosslinked elastomer mixed at 200 rpm at 160°C foaming temperature. The final elastomer domain dispositions within the foam morphologies are characterized and the plausible foaming mechanism is proposed.

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Influence of thermal and morphological characteristics on mechanical responses of polypropylene/γ‐irradiated elastomer blends

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Preparation and Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate)/Polyglycolic Acid (PETG/PGA) Blends

Preparation and Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate)/Polyglycolic Acid (PETG/PGA) Blends

New, Effective, and Low-Cost Dual-Functional Binder for Porous Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Controlling foamability of polypropylene/γ-irradiated ethylene acrylic elastomer blends by extent of crosslinking and domain microstructure of elastomer

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