Influence of the Transport on the Outcome of the Bacteriological Analysis of Dog Urine Comparison of Three Transport Tubes

Perrin, Jean-Jacques; Nicolet, Jacques

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01219.x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Immediately after collection, however, these samples were refrigerated at 4°C, which may have affected the results. Perrin and others (1992) obtained samples by both catheterisation and free catch and these were stored at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours in plain tubes or with boric acid added. They concluded that the addition of boric acid was a good method of preserving urine at room temperature and avoided the high percentage of false‐positive results when urine was stored in the plain tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of boric acid on bacterial culture of canine and feline urine

Rowlands

Blackwood

Mas

et al. 2011

J of Small Animal Practice

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C. Crompton's current address is CTDS Ltd, Blacksmiths Forge, Brookfield Farm, Selby Road, Garforth, West Yorkshire LS25 1NB OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal method of submission of canine and feline urine for bacterial culture.METHODS: Cystocentesis samples from 250 animals (200 dogs, 50 cats) suspected of having urinary tract infections were collected. The reference aliquot, without preservative, was processed on site within 2 hours. Two further aliquots (one without preservative, one with boric acid) were stored at room temperature for up to 7 hours and then posted by guaranteed next day delivery to a commercial laboratory for analysis.RESULTS: Forty-seven of the samples were positive on culture in the reference test. There was no significant difference between reference test results and those of samples posted without preservative (P=0·39), but samples posted in boric acid were significantly less likely to give a positive result (P=0·01). Samples posted without preservative had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 98%; for boric acid, sensitivity was 73% and specificity 99%.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Postal urine samples should be submitted to the laboratory in a plain sterile tube.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of boric acid on bacterial culture of canine and feline urine

Rowlands

Blackwood

Mas

et al. 2011

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Rowlands et al. (2011) concluded that canine and feline urine samples submitted for QBC in boric acid were more likely to yield false‐negative results than those submitted in a sterile tube, with a sensitivity of 73% and 82%, respectively. It should be noted that the toxicity of boric acid is concentration dependant and the concentration used in this study (10‐20 g/L) was higher than the one used in other studies (Allen et al . 1987, Perrin & Nicolet 1992, Sørensen et al . 2017), which could account for more false negative samples in Rowlands et al. (2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This is in contrast to previous studies where the use of plain tubes resulted in significant numbers of false positive results. For instance in a study by Perrin & Nicolet (1992), the number of false positives samples was 65% after storing urine samples in a sterile tube at room temperature for 48 hours. In that study, the urine samples were obtained by catheterisation or voiding and thus a greater number of contaminants were likely present in the urine at the time of collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are limited reports on the use of preservatives such as boric acid in veterinary medicine. Previous studies demonstrated effectiveness of boric acid for preserving canine urine for bacterial culture for 48 and 72 hours in a group of samples collected by catheterization, free catch and cystocentesis (Allen et al . 1987, Perrin & Nicolet 1992). However, a more recent study with urine samples collected by cystocentesis found samples stored, unrefrigerated, in boric acid yielded a high number of false negative results (27%) (Rowlands et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The utility of Amies charcoal bacteriology swabs for storage of canine urine prior to culture

Olivares

Hermes

Manzanilla

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objective To determine the usefulness of bacteriology swabs as a storage method of canine urine samples and the effect on quantitative bacterial culture. Materials and Methods Two hundred fourteen canine urine samples were collected by cystocentesis. The reference aliquot was placed in a sterile tube and processed for quantitative bacterial culture within 6 hours. A bacteriology swab was then immersed in the urine for 5 seconds and returned to the charcoal Amies media container. The urine samples in the sterile tube and bacteriology swab were stored at room temperature for 48 hours and processed for quantitative bacterial culture. Results Thirty‐seven of the samples were positive on reference culture with a total of 42 bacterial isolates. Samples stored in sterile tube and bacteriology swab had identical sensitivity and specificity for detection of bacteriuria (94.7% and 100%, respectively) with very good agreement (κ = 0.92; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00). Agreement between the bacterial species of the reference sample and the bacteriology swab was higher (κ = 0.85; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.99) than compared to the sterile tube (κ = 0.78; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.94), but the overlapping confidence intervals mean improved agreement cannot be inferred. Clinical Significance Bacteriology swabs stored in Amies charcoal transport media should be considered an alternative method to preserve canine urine sample when immediate processing for quantitative bacterial culture is not possible. The sensitivity of culturing plain urine, stored for 48 hours in a sterile tube, for detection of bacteriuria, was higher than previously reported.

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“…Stable bacterial counts have been identified in canine urine collected by various methods when preserved for up to 72 h in commercial products containing BA [ 10 , 11 ]. However, excess inhibition of bacterial growth has been demonstrated in canine urine preserved with very high concentrations (10 to 20 g/L) of BA [ 12 ], highlighting the importance of a correct BA/urine ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of urine storage temperature and boric acid preservation on quantitative bacterial culture for diagnosing canine urinary tract infection

et al. 2021

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Background Quantitative bacterial culture (QBC) is the gold standard for diagnosing canine urinary tract infection. Current guidelines recommend QBC within 24 h of urine collection and that unpreserved urine is refrigerated until culture. However, temperature-controlled transport is rarely feasible, indicating a need for alternative storage during transport of urine from primary veterinary practices to the microbiology laboratory. The objective was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and boric acid sponge-preservation on quantitative bacterial culture of canine urine. Results Significant bacteriuria was detected in 72 out of 179 samples (40%) collected from 141 dogs. Overall accuracy was 94–98% for both storage conditions and time points. Non-inferiority (15% margin) to reference quantitative bacterial culture was evident for sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for both storage methods and time points, except for the negative predictive value for 48 h boric acid preservation (NPV: 89, 95% CI [79;95]). There was no significant difference between the sensitivity and specificity for either of the time-points (p-value = 0.07–1). Conclusions Boric acid sponge-preservation using Uriswab™ is a useful alternative to refrigeration of urine samples during transport. Reliable quantitative bacterial culture results can be obtained from canine urine up to 48 h after collection if urine is refrigerated, and for at least 24 h if urine is stored using a boric acid-containing urine transport system.

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Influence of the Transport on the Outcome of the Bacteriological Analysis of Dog Urine Comparison of Three Transport Tubes

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

The effect of boric acid on bacterial culture of canine and feline urine

The effect of boric acid on bacterial culture of canine and feline urine

The utility of Amies charcoal bacteriology swabs for storage of canine urine prior to culture

The effect of urine storage temperature and boric acid preservation on quantitative bacterial culture for diagnosing canine urinary tract infection

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