Influence of the Studied Factors on the Yield, Structure and Quality Indicators of Vegetable Peas under the Conditions the South of Ukraine

Abstract

The article considered the elements of the resource-saving technology for the production of vegetable peas with the use of low doses of synthetic fertilizers by stimulating the action of nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria. They are symbionts of vegetable peas, with the help of bacteria and microfertilizers. They are much cheaper than mineral fertilizers and are not harmful for the environment and, thanks to microdoses, are absolutely safe for people. During the research, it was established that, in addition to increasing the yield of agricultural crops, such agro-techniques contribute to increasing soil fertility (due to the accumulation of a greater amount of biologically pure nitrogen in it after harvesting vegetable peas, compared to existing technologies) and make it possible to extend the period of technical maturity of seeds and the period of their processing. This is a very important and urgent problem in southern Ukraine. It was also determined that the treatment of seeds with boron, molybdenum and Rizotorfin affects the timing of the onset of the main phases of development and the duration of the growing season of vegetable peas, extending it by several days, and this, in turn, allows farmers to harvest on time without economic losses. For the first time, for the conditions of the south of Ukraine, an opportunity was found to significantly extend the term of receipt of raw materials for processing without deterioration of quality indicators and dietary properties. The proposed techniques allow, in addition to the existing technology, to accumulate up to 40-60 kg/ha of biological nitrogen in the soil. It was recorded that the highest yield of the vegetable pea crop was formed during the first sowing period, when the seeds were treated with boron and molybdenum and amounted to 9.21 t/ha, which is 2.32 t/ha higher than the control. Based on the generalization of research results, a mathematical model of vegetable pea crop programming was built based on the principle of relationships between individual factors that affect the culture and the formation of its plant productivity.