Most of continuous media participating in natural and technological processes are multicomponent and/or multiphase systems. The physical principles behind the phenomenology of non-equilibrium processes in such media are still not fully understood. To develop a better understanding, a continuous interaction between theory, experiments and numerical simulations is needed. This Topical Issue on non-equilibrium processes in multicomponent and multiphase media aims at contributing to this effort. The areas of interest for this Topical Issue include hydrodynamic instability and transition to complex non-periodic and chaotic regimes; generation and evolution of large-scale vortex structures in turbulent flows; heat and mass transfer in atmosphere and ocean; hydrodynamics of systems with fluid interfaces; formation of dynamic and dissipative structures at interfaces; thermodiffusion and thermophoresis in molecular fluids and colloidal suspensions; acoustic and wave processes in inhomogeneous media; non-equilibrium processes in complex fluids and in disperse media. The present Topical Issue also contains papers that were presented at the International Symposium Non-Equilibrium Processes in Continuous Media that was held in Perm (Russia) from May 15 to May 17, 2017. The current Topical Issue Non-equilibrium processes in multicomponent and multiphase media contains a total of thirteen papers. In the following we provide a brief description of the accepted papers in an order that mirrors the publication dates.