Influence of the skin-effect on hall voltage in semiconductors

Sikorski, S.; Kobus, A.

doi:10.1016/0038-1101(67)90124-4

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Since E Tz could be explicitly determined from our analytical approximation, we also plotted the FE results for the difference between galvanomagnetic potentials of the bottom and top and surfaces (solid red line) and compared it to the predictions for ΔV Tn /I of the analytical approximation (red circles) obtained from Eq. (15). We can conclude that the through-thickness Hall resistance ΔV Tn /I is accurately predicted by the analytical approximation of Eq.…”

Section: Comsol Fe Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…(16), while the difference between the bottom and top lines represents the contribution of the normal galvanomagnetic field E Tz given by Eq. (15). Since E Tz could be explicitly determined from our analytical approximation, we also plotted the FE results for the difference between galvanomagnetic potentials of the bottom and top and surfaces (solid red line) and compared it to the predictions for ΔV Tn /I of the analytical approximation (red circles) obtained from Eq.…”

Section: Comsol Fe Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive hall coefficient measurements using ACPD techniques

Velicheti

Nagy

Hassan

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.Hall coefficient measurements offer great opportunities as well as major challenges for nondestructive materials characterization. The Hall effect is produced by the magnetic Lorentz force acting on moving charge carriers in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The magnetic perturbation gives rise to a Hall current that is normal to the conduction current but does not directly perturb the electric potential distribution. Therefore, Hall coefficient measurements usually exploit the so-called transverse galvanomagnetic potential drop effect that arises when the Hall current is intercepted by the boundaries of the specimen and thereby produce a measurable potential drop. In contrast, no Hall potential is produced in a large plate in the presence of a uniform normal field at quasi-static low frequencies. In other words, conventional Hall coefficient measurements are inherently destructive since they require cutting the material under tests. This study investigated the feasibility of using alternating current potential drop (ACPD) techniques for nondestructive Hall coefficient measurements in plates. Specifically, the directional four-point square-electrode configuration is investigated with superimposed external magnetic field. Two methods are suggested to make Hall coefficient measurements in large plates without destructive machining. At low frequencies, constraining the bias magnetic field can replace constraining the dimensions of the specimen, which is inherently destructive. For example, when a cylindrical permanent magnet is used to provide the bias magnetic field, the peak Hall voltage is produced when the diameter of the magnet is equal to the diagonal of the square ACPD probe. Although this method is less effective than cutting the specimen to a finite size, the loss of sensitivity is less than one order of magnitude even at very low frequencies. In contrast, at sufficiently high inspection frequencies the magnetic field of the Hall current induces a strong enough Hall electric field that produces measurable potential differences between points lying on the path followed by the Hall current even when it is not intercepted by either the edge of the specimen or the edge of the magnetic field. The induced Hall voltage increases proportionally to the square root of frequency as the current is squeezed into a shallow electromagnetic skin of decreasing depth. This approach could be exploited to measure the Hall coefficient near the surface at high frequencies without cutting the specimen.

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Section: Comsol Fe Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Comsol Fe Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive hall coefficient measurements using ACPD techniques

Velicheti

Nagy

Hassan

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Concerning the ac OHE, Sikorski and Kobus analyzed the boundary conditions problem while assuming a ℓ x ≫ ℓ y ≫ ℓ z geometry for the conductor dimensions. 16 They revealed that the ordinary skin effect is still generated in the presence of a magnetostatic field parallel to the z-direction. As they assumed that the EM field was exclusively varied along the z-direction, their calculations could not discuss the skin effect along y-direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This field independence of the skin depth was also obtained in a previous theoretical study. 16 Our calculations, on the other hand, show that this field independence is an approximation, valid under the condition . This nonlinearity is due to the time varying term of E y present in the left-hand side of Eq.…”

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus the ac current flows near the surface of the conductor, mostly within the skin depth. Theoretical evaluation of the field distribution in an ac OHE revealed that the skin effect also applies to the Hall electric field, 16 where the skin depth is found independent of magnetostatic field. Thus, a skin depth similar to the ordinary case is expected for E ⊥ of the ac AHE.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroscopic kinematics of the Hall electric field under influence of carrier magnetic moments

Sakai

2016

AIP Advances

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ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED INConversion of spin current into charge current at room temperature: Inverse spin-Hall effect Applied Physics Letters 88, 182509 (2006) The relativistic effect on electromagnetic forces yields two types of forces which depend on the velocity of the relevant particles: (i) the usual Lorentz force exerted on a moving charged particle and (ii) the apparent Lorentz force exerted on a moving magnetic moment. In sharp contrast with type (i), the type (ii) force originates due to the transverse field induced by the Hall effect (HE). This study incorporates both forces into a Drude-type equation with a fully spin-polarized condition to investigate the effects of self-consistency of the source and the resultant fields on the HE. We also examine the self-consistency of the carrier kinematics and electromagnetic dynamics by simultaneously considering the Drude type equation and Maxwell equations at low frequencies. Thus, our approach can predict both the dc and ac characteristics of the HE, demonstrating that the dc current condition solely yields the ordinary HE, while the ac current condition yields generation of both fundamental and second harmonic modes of the HE field. When the magnetostatic field is absent, the simultaneous presence of dc and ac longitudinal currents generates the ac HE that has both fundamental frequency and second harmonic. C 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

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