“…They concluded that microwave assisted treatment considerably decreased the exchange time. As described in other studies, the use of microwaves decreased the temperature required for complete desorption of water, and modifications by ion exchange showed no structural changes [11]. Energy absorption in zeolites is a complex process and it is thought to be strongly affected by the presence of metal ions.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…Recently, a new interdisciplinary field of microwave chemistry has emerged. It has many advantages-for instance it supplies uniform and direct heating, lower temperature for some processes, enhances the reaction speed, reduces time and cost of the processes used [2][3][4][5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”
The effect of microwave irradiation on the ion exchange degree and structure of clinoptilolite mineral has been examined in comparison with the conventional heat treatment in waterbath. Clinoptilolite-rich mineral from the Western Anatolia, Bigadiç region was used for the experimental study. The mineral was mainly clinoptilolite (80-85%) and additionally, quartz (5-10%), and analcime + mordenite (< 5%) were found as co-existing minerals. The mineral was stable towards dehydration and maintains its original structure up to 800°C. The BET and Langmuir surface areas of the sample were found to be 22 and 17 m 2 /g for N 2 adsorption and 28 and 22 m 2
“…They concluded that microwave assisted treatment considerably decreased the exchange time. As described in other studies, the use of microwaves decreased the temperature required for complete desorption of water, and modifications by ion exchange showed no structural changes [11]. Energy absorption in zeolites is a complex process and it is thought to be strongly affected by the presence of metal ions.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…Recently, a new interdisciplinary field of microwave chemistry has emerged. It has many advantages-for instance it supplies uniform and direct heating, lower temperature for some processes, enhances the reaction speed, reduces time and cost of the processes used [2][3][4][5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”
The effect of microwave irradiation on the ion exchange degree and structure of clinoptilolite mineral has been examined in comparison with the conventional heat treatment in waterbath. Clinoptilolite-rich mineral from the Western Anatolia, Bigadiç region was used for the experimental study. The mineral was mainly clinoptilolite (80-85%) and additionally, quartz (5-10%), and analcime + mordenite (< 5%) were found as co-existing minerals. The mineral was stable towards dehydration and maintains its original structure up to 800°C. The BET and Langmuir surface areas of the sample were found to be 22 and 17 m 2 /g for N 2 adsorption and 28 and 22 m 2
“…The extraction of tetrahedral coordinated aluminum from a zeolite lattice by acids was first reported by Barrer 11 etal.framework de-alumination also proceeds upon steaming of NH 4 zeolites, as given by Kerr 12 . In 1980, a new dealumination technique based on reaction between silicon tetrachloride and tetrahedral coordinated framework aluminum was reported 13,14 .…”
“…Zeolites are a class of alkaline porous alumosilicates with a negatively charged crystal lattice, neutralized by the presence of exchanged cations in the structural cavities [8][9][10][11]. Zeolites are being developed as an improvement of soil quality -they diminish the solubility and thus the biological availability of metals: salts, complexes, as well as oxides and metal-carbonate precipitates are formed with zeolites [12,13].…”
Soil remediation at contaminated sites very often needs customized approach, because of the different content of pollutants. Various technologies from simple soil excavation and transporting to hazardous waste landfills to different kinds of remediation by vitrification and the use of additives can be used for the treatment of soil. A series of remediation experiments using zeolites and humic acids were applied to soil contaminated with copper. Remediation can be performed with easily available additive materials of natural origin found near the place of application, in order to diminish the leaching of contaminants. Soils contaminated and spiked with copper were mixed with additives, and ion selective electrode potentiometry was used in order to establish the stability constants of humic-metal complexes. Thus the study provides an opportunity to gain information on the fate of copper variously mixed with potential remediation agents -zeolites and humic acids -as additives to contaminated soils.
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