Influence of the Reclamation Process Intensity in the REGMAS Reclaimer on the Purification Degree of the High-silica Matrix

Skrzyński, M.; Dańko, R.

doi:10.1515/afe-2016-0005

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Both the BTEX emission and the LOI values are proportional to the fraction of reclaimed sand ( Figure 3 ). The LOI for the tested molding sand should be ≤2; this level of organic substances can be obtained by thermal reclamation [ 23 ]. However, high costs of energy carriers lead foundries to mainly apply mechanical reclamation, which is less efficient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These HAPs are released during metal pouring, mold cooling and casting shakeout when the carbonaceous additives are exposed to the casting heat. As numerous investigations indicate, including those of the authors [ 9 , 11 , 20 ], the formed substances, of which several are dangerous, e.g., BTEX and PAHs, are partially condensed on matrix grains and together with molding sand undergo the mechanical reclamation process [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The dominate molding sand technologies with chemically-bound binders are furan no-bake, phenolic-urethane no-bake and ester-cured-phenolic no-bake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the principle of “zero wastes”, sands from both technologies after knocking out are subjected to the reclamation process, which is the removal of hardened binders from surfaces of sand grains [ 22 , 23 ]. In the case of the mechanical reclamation, this removal is not complete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Impact of the Reclaimed Sand Addition to Molding Sand with Furan and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin—A Comparison

et al. 2020

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Increasingly strict regulations, as well as an increased public awareness, are forcing industry, including the foundry industry, to develop new binders for molding sands, which, while being more environmentally friendly, would simultaneously ensure a high quality of castings. Until recently, binders based on synthetic resins were considered to be such binders. However, more accurate investigations indicated that such molding sands subjected to high temperatures of liquid metal generated several harmful, even dangerous substances (carcinogenic and/or mutagenic) from the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons groups (PAHs). An assessment of the most widely used molding sands technologies at present with organic binders (synthetic resins) from the no-bake group (furan no-bake and phenolic-ester no-bake) and their harmfulness to the environment and work conditions is presented in this paper. In the first stage of this research, gases (from the BTEX and PAHs groups) emitted when the tested molds were poured with liquid cast iron at 1350 °C were measured (according to the authors’ own method). The second stage consisted of measuring the emission of gases released by binders subjected to pyrolysis (the so-called flash pyrolysis), which simulated the effects occurring on the boundary: liquid metal/molding sand. The gases emitted from the tested binders indicated that, in both cases, the emission of harmful and dangerous substances (e.g., benzene) occurs, but, of the given binder systems, this emission was lower for the phenolic-ester no-bake binder. The obtained emission factors of BTEX substances show higher values for furan resin compared to formaldehyde resin; for example, the concentration of benzene per 1 kg of binder for furan no-bake (FNB) was 40,158 mg, while, for phenol-formaldehyde no-bake (PFNB), it was much lower, 30,911 mg. Thus, this system was more environmentally friendly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Impact of the Reclaimed Sand Addition to Molding Sand with Furan and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin—A Comparison

et al. 2020

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“…Cubic shaped elements with sides of 80 mm and weighing 0.8 kg were formed from the prepared sand. The size of the sample was due to the analysis of the mold knock-off process presented in [2]. The analysis showed that more than 80% of the sand after knocking out the cast (before primary reclamation) is characterized by agglomerate sizes between 60 and 100 mm.…”

Section: Aim Of Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it results from the statistical analysis [1,2], the main wastes of foundry processes are the spent foundry sands. In 2014, their amount constituted 80% of all wastes (fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Skrzyński¹,

Dańko²

2018

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The results of the efficiency of the primary reclamation process as well as the influence of the used sand temperature and other process parameters on it are presented in this paper. A separate stand realized on a reduced scale was built, which is an analogous process of the primary reclamation treatment of spent foundry sands. The used sands were introduced to the crushing process in an agglomerated form in the way typically used in industrial devices. The primary reclamation process was realized on a set of four horizontal sieves with decreasing mesh clearances while maintaining their geometrical dimensions applied in the Regmas industrial device. The model system consists of a vibratory drive mounted on the table, allowing us to control the supply frequency of the vibratory motors within a range of 40-60 Hz as well as the computer system for measuring the vibration parameters and drive power. The used sand on the quartz matrix with the KALTHARZ U404 resin and 100T3 hardener was used in our investigations. The used sand was prepared under the following conditions: cubic-shaped elements made of the applied furan sand was compacted by vibrations then hardened and subjected to heating under controlled conditions (as a "simulation" of the overheating process taking place in the mold after pouring). Time functions of the crushing and sieving process in dependence of the overheating degree of the reference sand samples (100°, 200°, and 300°C) were investigated at various table vibration frequencies and feed loads of the sieve set. The relative index of the crushing ability was determined.

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Archives of Foundry Engineering

Skrzyński

2019

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The analysis of after reclamation dusts generated during the reclamation treatment of test portions of two kinds of polydispersive material in the Regmas device, is presented in the hereby paper. For the comparative purpose the fresh moulding sand marked as quartz sand "Sibelco" -1K 0.40/0.32/0.20, J88, >14000C, WK = 1.20 (acc. PN-83/H-11077), as well as the spent moulding sand, which was previously subjected to the primary reclamation and to dedusting, were used. Conditions of the process treatment were forced by the frequency of supplying the vibratory drive motors being successively 40, 50 and 60Hz for 5, 10 and 15 min. and by causing a diversified material flow through the functional system of the device (charging hopper, abrasive chamber acting as a buffer space). Two states of the process treatment, when a material was flowing through the chamber, were applied. In the first one, an intergranular surface abrasion of grains occurred as a result of the granular material circulation in the chamber forced by the vibratory drive. In the second one, the forced material flow was performed in the presence of crushing elements (steel balls), additionally introduced into the abrasive chamber. Analyses of the device influence were performed by determinations of the amount of dusts separated in the pneumatic classifier and analysis of their grain sizes by means of Analysette 22NanoTec.

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Influence of the Reclamation Process Intensity in the REGMAS Reclaimer on the Purification Degree of the High-silica Matrix

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Environmental Impact of the Reclaimed Sand Addition to Molding Sand with Furan and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin—A Comparison

Environmental Impact of the Reclaimed Sand Addition to Molding Sand with Furan and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin—A Comparison

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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