Influence of the Processing Parameters on the Dispersion and Coloration Behavior of a Halogenated Copper Phthalocyanine‐Based Masterbatch

Buccella, Mauro; Dorigato, Andrea; Rizzola, F; Caldara, Mauro; Fambri, Luca

doi:10.1002/adv.21721

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…2a, c). Commercial PG7 was reported (Bucella et al 2018) and presents mostly roundish aggregates with an average diameter of 70 nm (Fig. 2 of Bucella et al 2018).…”

Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments of a phthalocyanine-based green ink for tattoo removal purposes: generation of toxic fragments and potentially harmful morphologies

et al. 2020

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Since tattoos became overwhelmingly fashionable worldwide, the demand for removal has proportionally increased, Nd:YAG Q-switch laser being the most commonly used tool for the purpose. In this framework we investigated the composition and products of laser treatment of green tattoo ink, the Green Concentrate from Eternal. The ink characterization has been carried out by IR, UV-Vis, EDX spectroscopies, and SEM imaging. It revealed the presence of the pigment PG7, rather than PG36 as reported on the bottle label, along with non-fully halogenated analogues. The morphology is an extended sheath with embedded grains. Subsequent laser treatments were performed on both dried and extracted inks, dispersed either in water or in propan-2-ol, chosen for their different polarities, as it is the case in the skin layers. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM imaging, and dynamic light scattering. The outcome is a complex fragmentation pattern that depends both on the solvent and on the initial aggregation state. The fragment compounds are toxic at various degrees according to the Classification Labelling and Packaging regulations. Several shapes of aggregates are produced as an effect of both downsizing and re-aggregation, with potentially harmful aspect ratios.

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“…2a, c). Commercial PG7 was reported (Bucella et al 2018) and presents mostly roundish aggregates with an average diameter of 70 nm (Fig. 2 of Bucella et al 2018).…”

Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments of a phthalocyanine-based green ink for tattoo removal purposes: generation of toxic fragments and potentially harmful morphologies

et al. 2020

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“…In a similar commercial product, the PG7 presents mostly roundish aggregates with average diameter of 70 nm (Fig. 2 of Bucella et al 2018 ). The binding of substituents on meso positions favors the rod-like aggregation (Wang et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes

et al. 2021

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Comparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, revealing an excess of Si and C and O as compared to the pure halogenated Cu-phthalocyanine. Laser treatments were carried out with a Nd:YAG device applied to H2O and propan-2-ol dispersions. Pyrolysis and calcinations were carried out in air or under N2 flow. The outcome of the different procedures was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, GC–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction of the solid residues, SEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The comparative analysis indicated the production of different fragment compounds depending on the treatment, (pyrolysis or laser), and, to some extent, to the solvent of the dispersion, with pyrolysis generating a larger number of hazardous compounds. Hydrocarbons and cyclic siloxanes present as additives in PG36 were stable or degraded depending on the treatment. The morphology of the products is also treatment-dependent with nanoparticles < 20 nm and fibers being produced upon laser treatments only. Based on the experimental findings, the equivalence of laser and thermal treatments is evaluated.

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“…Results indicate that the pipe P826 only contains TiO 2 ; the P061 pipe incorporates TiO 2 and glass fiber; and the P490 pipe is filled with TiO 2 , CaCO 3 and small amounts of other metals such as Fe or Zn. Addition of pigments during extrusion is a common practice in the manufacturing process [ 52 , 53 ]. The 0.9 wt.% in CaCO 3 found in the P490 pipe could be related to an inorganic pigment added as a filler [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature

Blázquez‐Blázquez

Lahoz²,

Pérez

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Pipes of polypropylene random (PP-R) copolymers are the best choice for hot- and cold-water networks. Validation of a severe test, accomplishing the ISO 1167 standard, is mandatory to assess their service lifetime expectancy. This work evaluates the behavior shown by three commercial pipes, either the original ones (new pipes) or after being subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test at elevated temperature (aged pipes). Several features with relevance for the final performance have been examined: crystalline characteristics, phase transitions in crystalline regions, effect of high temperature and pressure on these transitions, and oxidation induction time. Moreover, the presence of inorganic fillers, and the content of different antioxidants together with their depletion, have also been analyzed. Films from the new pipes were also prepared for replication of the different environments in order to achieve a better and complete understanding of the phase transitions in the crystalline regions and of the consumption of antioxidants. Distinct environments surrounded the inner and outer parts of the pipes exposed to the failure aging test at 110 °C: hot water and warm dry air, respectively. These features play a key role in the loss of additives and in the subsequent initiation of degradation. Even if the crystalline characteristics are appropriate in the polymeric matrix, the success of a pipe lies in the homogeneous dispersion of components for avoiding damage at interfacial properties, and in a correct package of antioxidants used in its formulation.

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Influence of the Processing Parameters on the Dispersion and Coloration Behavior of a Halogenated Copper Phthalocyanine‐Based Masterbatch

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Treatments of a phthalocyanine-based green ink for tattoo removal purposes: generation of toxic fragments and potentially harmful morphologies

Treatments of a phthalocyanine-based green ink for tattoo removal purposes: generation of toxic fragments and potentially harmful morphologies

Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes

An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature

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