Influence of the printing process on the traces produced by the discharge of 3D-printed Liberators

Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2019–2022

“…Thirty-six Liberators were manufactured using different printing processes (Material Extrusion (ME), Vat Photopolymrization (VP) and Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)) [ 67 ] as well as different printers, polymers and parameters. This paper provides a clear overview of printing techniques and related traces used for forensic examination.…”

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

“…Determination of printing technology may be used to confirm or refute links between devices, and even owners and places of production of documents, and so forms another problem set for study comprising four textbooks [ [441] , [442] , [443] , [444] ]. The following subsection on Conventional Printing comprises 26 articles [ [445] , [446] , [447] , [448] , [449] , [450] , [451] , [452] , [453] , [454] , [455] , [456] , [457] , [458] , [459] , [460] , [461] , [462] , [463] , [464] , [465] , [466] ], while the subsection entitled 3D Printing includes six textbooks [ [467] , [468] , [469] , [470] , [471] , [472] ] and four articles [ [473] , [474] , [475] , [476] ]. There are 23 conference presentations added in reference only [ [477] , [478] , [479] , [480] , [481] , [482] , [483] , [484] , [485] , [486] , [487] , [488] , [489] , [490] , [491] , [492] , [493] , [494] , [495] , [496] , [497] , [498] , [499...…”

“…The first part of the study of Trincat et al [ 475 ] could be interesting for Documents experts. 3D-printed pieces and the traces present on it were analyzed to obtain information about the printing process, the 3D-printer, the printing parameters, and the polymer used.…”

“…As previously stated, the reference section for printing technologies includes many references [ [441] , [442] , [443] , [444] , [445] , [446] , [447] , [448] , [449] , [450] , [451] , [452] , [453] , [454] , [455] , [456] , [457] , [458] , [459] , [460] , [461] , [462] , [463] , [464] , [465] , [466] , [467] , [468] , [469] , [470] , [471] , [472] , [473] , [474] , [475] , [476] , [477] , [478] , [479] , [480] , [481] , [482] , [483] , [484] , [485] , [486] , [487] , [488] , [489] , [490] , [491] , [492] , [493] , [494] , [495] , [496] , [497] , [498] , [499] , [500] , [501] , [502] ].…”

Improving Estimation of Layer Thickness and Identification of Slicer for 3D Printing Forensics

“…This is because the performance and characteristics of a 3D printer directly influence the 3D printed output, making 3D printer identification a crucial aspect of 3D printing forensics. However, identifying slicer programs using 3D objects is a key point for source identification in the software domain and can serve as an important clue in 3D printer identification [23,24]. Moreover, it is worth noting that exploring the characteristics of various slicer programs and researching methods to identify the source equipment from the information obtained from the 3D printed object represent significant focus areas for future research in 3D printing forensics.…”