The reduction kinetics of Fe 2 O 3 nanopowder was investigated by monitoring the reduction behavior in real-time and measuring the amount of outflowing water vapor using in-situ hygrometry study. The kinetics of hydrogen reduction of Fe 2 O 3 was also studied on the basis of phase transformation, structure modification and outflowing diffusion of water vapor of the Fe 2 O 3 powder during reaction. Activation energy for the hydrogen reduction of Fe 2 O 3 nanopowder was calculated at various heating rate conditions and conversion fraction of reaction. The activation energies for reduction of Fe 2 O 3 nanopowder obtained in this study existed in the range of 20-46 kJ/mol. The activation energy for reduction of Fe 2 O 3 nanopowder obtained in this study decreased from 46 kJ/mol to 20 kJ/mol during the entire reduction process. Therefore, the hygrometry study is a powerful tool for in-situ kinetic study of hydrogen reduction of metal oxide for mass production.