Influence of the post-treatment on the properties of ZnO thin films

Nunes, Patrı́cia; Fortunato, Elvira; Martins, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(00)01577-7

Cited by 186 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The obtained optical parameters are summarized in Table 1. These values agree with previously reported one, which varies between 1.9 and 2.2 eV, depends on the preparation techniques and crystalline structure and grain size of the α-Fe2O3 films [5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]34].…”

Section: 22supporting

confidence: 92%

“…For thin films, sol-gel [11,12], chemical bath deposition [13], reactive evaporation [14,15] and spray pyrolysis [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The elaboration techniques and also the corresponding references given above are not exhaustive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is used by many researchers to deposit thin layers of iron oxides using different chemical solutions [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Some Structural and Optical Properties of sprayed Iron Oxide Thin films

Tomsah¹

2017

IOSR JAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: 22supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Some Structural and Optical Properties of sprayed Iron Oxide Thin films

Tomsah¹

2017

IOSR JAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…At 450 °C the films exhibit a very small channel current dependence on the applied gate field however over the large gate voltage range applied these TFTs were always on -indicative of a large free carrier concentration, Supplementary Figure 3. A change in film composition with increasing temperature will be occurring and the increased current observed in high temperature devices is an combined effect of increased crystallinity and intrinsic defect concentration in combination with the removal of solvent and unreacted precursor residue, which may also explain the observed increase in J SC from the J-V data [32] . In addition to TFT measurements we used AC-Hall to measure Hall mobility, resistivity and carrier concentration of our ZnO.…”

Section: Opv Device Performance With Etl Processing Temperature Variamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed Electron Transport Layers for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

Zhang

Faria

Morbidoni

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Processing temperature is highlighted as a convenient means of controlling the optical and charge transport properties of solution processed electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted polymer solar cells. Using the well-studied active layer -poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):indene-C 60 bisadduct (ICBA) -we show the influence of ETL processing temperatures from 25 °C -450 °C, reporting the role of crystallinity, structure, charge transport and Fermi level (E F ) on numerous device performance characteristics. We determine that an exceptionally low temperature processed ETL (110 °C) increases that device power conversion efficiency (PCE) by a factor greater than 50% compared with a high temperature (450 °C) processed ETL. Modulations in device series and shunt resistance, induced by changes in the ETL transport properties are observed in parallel to significant changes in device open circuit voltage attributed to changes on the E F of the ETLs. Our work highlights the importance of interlayer control in multilayer photovoltaic devices and presents a convenient material compatible with future flexible and roll-to-roll processes.

show abstract

“…Reports describing improved electrical transport often refer to sol-gel deposited films, [15][16][17] but for films deposited by sputtering or pulsed laser deposition ͑PLD͒, improved electrical transport has only been reported for annealing at moderate temperatures of 350°C in nitrogen 18 and up to 500°C in vacuum. 19,20 For temperatures of 400°C and higher only annealing in hydrogen 21,22 or forming gas 23 leads to improved conductivity.…”

Section: A Annealing Of Uncapped Zno:al Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved electrical transport in Al-doped zinc oxide by thermal treatment

Ruske

Roczen

Lee

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

176

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A postdeposition thermal treatment has been applied to sputtered Al-doped zinc oxide films and shown to strongly decrease the resistivity of the films. While high temperature annealing usually leads to deterioration of electrical transport properties, a silicon capping layer successfully prevented the degradation of carrier concentration during the annealing step. The effect of annealing time and temperature has been studied in detail. A mobility increase from values of around 40 cm2/Vs up to 67 cm2/Vs, resulting in a resistivity of 1.4×10−4 Ω cm has been obtained for annealing at temperatures of 650 °C. The high mobility increase is most likely obtained by reduced grain boundary scattering. Changes in carrier concentration in the films caused by the thermal treatment are the result of two competing processes. For short annealing procedures we observed an increase in carrier concentration that we attribute to hydrogen diffusing into the zinc oxide film from a silicon nitride barrier layer between the zinc oxide and the glass substrate and the silicon capping layer on top of the zinc oxide. Both are hydrogen-rich if deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. For longer annealing times a decrease in carrier concentration can occur if a thin capping layer is used. This can be explained by the deteriorating effect of oxygen during thermal treatments which is well known from annealing of uncapped zinc oxide films. The reduction in carrier concentration can be prevented by the use of capping layers with thicknesses of 40 nm or more.

show abstract

Influence of the post-treatment on the properties of ZnO thin films

Cited by 186 publications

References 7 publications

Some Structural and Optical Properties of sprayed Iron Oxide Thin films

Some Structural and Optical Properties of sprayed Iron Oxide Thin films

Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed Electron Transport Layers for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

Improved electrical transport in Al-doped zinc oxide by thermal treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About