Influence of the Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Concentration on Particle Size and Dispersion of ZnS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation

Soltani, Nayereh; Saion, Elias; Erfani, Maryam; Rezaee, Khadijeh; Bahmanrokh, Ghazaleh; Drummen, Gregor P. C.; Bahrami, Afarin; Hussein, Mohd Zobir

doi:10.3390/ijms131012412

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One possible conclusion is that, the polymer conjugated to the QDs may induce a restriction of the rotational motion of dipole molecules and immobilization of the electron-hole charge ions, thereby interfering with the surface chemistry. 52 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

Bwatanglang¹,

Mohammad²,

Yusof³

et al. 2016

IJN

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional nanoparticulate system with specific targeting, imaging, and drug delivering functionalities by following a three-step protocol that operates at room temperature and solely in aqueous media. The synthesis involves the encapsulation of luminescent Mn:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with chitosan not only as a stabilizer in biological environment, but also to further provide active binding sites for the conjugation of other biomolecules. Folic acid was incorporated as targeting agent for the specific targeting of the nanocarrier toward the cells overexpressing folate receptors. Thus, the formed composite emits orange–red fluorescence around 600 nm and investigated to the highest intensity at Mn 2+ doping concentration of 15 at.% and relatively more stable at low acidic and low alkaline pH levels. The structural characteristics and optical properties were thoroughly analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Further characterization was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cell viability and proliferation studies by means of MTT assay have demonstrated that the as-synthesized composites do not exhibit any toxicity toward the human breast cell line MCF-10 (noncancer) and the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) up to a 500 µg/mL concentration. The cellular uptake of the nanocomposites was assayed by confocal laser scanning microscope by taking advantage of the conjugated Mn:ZnS QDs as fluorescence makers. The result showed that the functionalization of the chitosan-encapsulated QDs with folic acid enhanced the internalization and binding affinity of the nanocarrier toward folate receptor-overexpressed cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that due to the nontoxic nature of the composite, the as-synthesized nanoparticulate system can be used as a promising candidate for theranostic applications, especially for a simultaneous targeted drug delivery and cellular imaging.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

Bwatanglang¹,

Mohammad²,

Yusof³

et al. 2016

IJN

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this way, PVP has been used to act as a stabiliser for metal salts dissolved in aqueous solution through the electrostatic stabilisation of the amide groups of the pyrrolidone rings. 42 In the present work, the Cu 2+ precursor forms a Cu 2+ /PVP cluster according to the same mechanism. Harada and Fujiwara have also reported the formation of a Cu 2+ /PVP matrix 43 and go further; explaining that as the interaction between the metallic ions and the PVP molecules allows the metallic ions to gather so closely together, PVP can in fact be used as an agent for the formation of rod-like metal particles that form along the linear PVP backbone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Surface Charge Driven Growth of Eight-Branched Cu₂O Crystals

Self

Zhou

2016

Crystal Growth & Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cu2O crystals are synthesised hydrothermally with an 8-branched morphology, which can undergo a transition to a cubic shape by increasing the reaction time. The rapid branch formation of these structures is studied over time using SEM, TEM, SAED, PXRD and TGA. The formation of Cu 2+ /PVP soft matter clusters is shown to play a key role in the reduction of Cu 2+ , the nucleation of Cu2O crystals and the rapid growth of branches along all eight equivalent <111> directions of the cubic Cu2O structure, due to the presence of negatively charged hydroxyl sites on the {111} surfaces. This non-classical crystal growth mechanism, which relies on aggregation of the precursor on the crystal surface, may help us to understand the formation of many abnormal crystal morphologies. INTRODUCTIONCuprous oxide, Cu2O, is a semiconductor material which has a cubic structure, a direct band gap of 2.137 eV 1,2 and which typically exhibits p-type semiconductor characteristics due to the presence of Cu vacancies. [3][4][5] Due to its unique and interesting magnetic and optical properties, Cu2O has been widely studied due to its potential applications in a huge range of fields such as catalysis, 6,7 gas sensing 8 and the conversion of solar energy into chemical or electrical energy 9-11 as well as having been at the centre of research into the Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons. 12 Cu2O has been shown to exhibit a wide variety of morphologies such as thin films, 13,14 nanorod arrays, 15 nanospheres or nanocubes [16][17][18] and even hollow crystals. 19,20 Since the suitability of Cu2O for its various applications is so highly dependent on its morphology and microstructure, 21 an array of different and often complicated techniques have been utilised to attempt to control the shapes and sizes of Cu2O crystals. These have included electrochemical deposition, 22-25 high pressure sputtering, 26 sonochemical methods 27 and many other techniques 28,29 but the control of Cu2O morphologies synthesized via more facile, hydrothermal routes has rarely been reported.More recently, there has been interest in dendritic or branched morphologies and, in particular, the highly symmetric "8-pod branching growth" 30-32 of Cu2O crystals as the high degree of branching in such structures results in a much higher surface area than that of the more typical cubic or octahedral Cu2O crystals and may, therefore, increase the efficiencies of Cu2O crystals for their various applications. Little is understood about the mechanism by which these structures form, however, as many highly symmetric metal oxide crystals are thought to be single crystals so their growth goes unstudied as they are assumed to follow the classical growth route, first established over 100 years ago. This so-called "bottom-up" theory of crystal growth is described by the Bravais-Friedel-Donnay-Harker (BFDH) law [33][34][35] and Hartman-Perdok theory 36 and explains how single crystals are formed from a single nucleus via layer-by-layer deposition of the building units on the crys...

show abstract

“…The photograph shows spherical particles of PVP embedded CdS. The presence of PVP limits aggregation [12,17] and gives the wool-like appearance that is observed in the picture. This result is consistent with other results of polymer capped nanoparticles as reported in the literature [18].…”

Section: Morphological and Textural Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sharp and high peak intensities of the lattice reflections are indications that the sample has well grown crystals and relatively regular crystalline structure [12,16]. Scheme 1.…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) with CdS under Visible Light Irradiation: Effect of Particle Size

Makama

Salmiaton

Saion

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stringent environmental standards have made the removal of Cr(VI) from water an important problem for environmental scientist and engineering. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using suspended photocatalyst is an interesting technique to consider for this application. In this work, the influence of particle size of suspended CdS on the photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) ion was investigated. The efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction was monitored through UV-visible analysis. The experimental results showed that the nanoparticle size has a dramatic effect on the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). As surface area increased from 44.2±0.6 to 98.7±0.5 m 2 /g due to particle size reduction, the rate of Cr(VI) reduction nearly doubled in the first 20 min of visible light irradiation. The results evidenced the inverse relationship between the apparent reduction rate constant and the CdS particle size. Conversely, the half-life (t1/2) period of the photocatalytic reduction has a direct relationship with CdS particle sizes.

show abstract

Influence of the Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Concentration on Particle Size and Dispersion of ZnS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation

Cited by 114 publications

References 28 publications

Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

Surface Charge Driven Growth of Eight-Branched Cu₂O Crystals

Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) with CdS under Visible Light Irradiation: Effect of Particle Size

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Influence of the Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Concentration on Particle Size and Dispersion of ZnS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation

Cited by 114 publications

References 28 publications

Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

Surface Charge Driven Growth of Eight-Branched Cu2O Crystals

Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) with CdS under Visible Light Irradiation: Effect of Particle Size

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Surface Charge Driven Growth of Eight-Branched Cu₂O Crystals