Influence of the nature of the substrate and of operative parameters in the electrocarboxylation of halogenated acetophenones and benzophenones

The influence of the halogen atoms and acetyl group on vapour pressures and related properties of the p -haloacetophenones

“…15 (3) The measured liquid vapour pressures of the two compounds referred to above, as well as their boiling points reported in the literature [24,25], are represented in figure 1. This figure also includes the liquid vapour pressures of p-chloroacetophenone in the range T = (415.9 to 510.2) K reported by Dreisbach and Shrader [25] that are coherent with the ones determined in this work in a much higher temperature range.…”

“…It also exhibits photochemical properties [12] that have been successfully useful in investigations of biological systems [13,14]. The electrocarboxylation of aromatic ketones, namely the halogenated members of the family, ''is potentially an easy way to prepare carboxylated products, some of them of industrial interest, particularly for the production of anti-inflammatory drugs" [15]. The selection of the halogenated derivatives of acetophenone for this study is also due to our interest in investigating whether enthalpies and vapour pressures of sublimation or vaporisation of halogen substituted benzenes show a regular dependence on the volume of the halogen atom as was observed previously for p-halogenated benzoic acids, methyl benzoates, and phenols [6,7].…”

Electrocarboxylation of Acetophenone to 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐phenylpropionic Acid in the Presence of CO2

“…The radical anion 2 reacted as a nucleophile with CO 2 forming a carboxylated radical anion 3. 4 Further one-electron reduction followed by reaction with CO 2 led to formation of 4. Through the protonation step, where a CO 2 molecule was lost, 4 reacted to form the aimed product 5.…”

“…4 Hence the electrocarboxylation of aromatic ketone with CO 2 to the corresponding α-hydroxyacid is potentially an easy way to prepare carboxylated products.…”

Electrochemical Dicarboxylation of Styrene: Synthesis of 2‐Phenylsuccinic Acid

“…CO 2 is non-toxic and can work as an electrophile in the reaction of anion species to give carboxylic acids with one carbon elongation. Electrocarboxylation has been described for a large number of substrate types, including ketones, 7,8 alkynes, 9 olefins, 10,11 alkyl halides, 12 and heterocyclic compounds. 13,14 Electrochemical carboxylation of phenyl-substituted alkenes has been reported by several workers, however, a mixture of mono-and dicarboxylated acids has been obtained, 15,16 and carboxylic acids have only been formed in low conversions by using a nickel(II) catalyst 17 or expensive Pt electrode.…”