Influence of the nature of carbohydrate intake on the absorption chronology of reducing sugars and volatile fatty acids in the pig

Rérat, A.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19960101

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This result is consistent with those of other researchers, who observed that administration of a high non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) diet could produce an enhancement of fermentation in the hindgut, leading to a more gradual and prolonged supply of energy throughout the day (Schrama et al, 1996). Soluble fibre fermentation by the intestinal microflora produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are rapidly absorbed and may prevent transient declines in plasma glucose levels between meals (Rerat, 1996).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of high levels of beet pulp in the diet on endocrine/metabolic traits, slaughter dressing percentage, and ham quality in Italian heavy pigs

Magistrelli

Galassi

Crovetto

et al. 2009

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Seventy two Landrace x Large White barrows were divided into three groups and fed different diets: a control traditional diet based on cereals (C) and two with 15 or 30% dried sugar beet pulp (BP15 and BP30, respectively). Animals weighed 106 kg at start and 167 kg at the end of the experiment. Feeding was restricted (2.5 kg DM/head, on average). The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the influence of high levels of beet pulp in the diet of fattening heavy pigs on some endocrine/metabolic traits, on the slaughter dressing percentage and on some parameters related to meat quality, composition and on the ham quality, after 14 months of seasoning. During the experimental period, jugular vein blood samples were collected from C and BP30-fed pigs and plasma was analysed for several metabolic traits. BP30 diet initially increased the plasma glucose level and decreased free amino acids (P<0.05), but this difference disappeared at the end of the experimental period, when insulin level was decreased (P=0.06) by beet pulp administration. During the entire period, 30% beet pulp diet increased total protein and albumin levels (P<0.001) and decreased urea (P<0.05) without affecting plasma leptin. At slaughter, pigs fed BP30 diet were lighter (P<0.001) and with a lower dressing percentage (P<0.001) in comparison with the other two treatments. Pigs fed BP30 diet also had lower ham and loin weights (P<0.05) (but similar ham and loin percentages) and higher liver weight (P<0.05), liver/carcass ratio (P<0.001), gastrointestinal-tract weight (P<0.001) and gastrointestinal-tract/carcass ratio (P<0.001). Pigs fed C diet had a higher dressing percentage in comparison with pigs fed BP15 diet (P<0.01), but no other significant difference was found between pigs fed diets C and BP15. At slaughter, liver samples were taken from C and BP30-fed pigs in order to evaluate the effect of the diet on liver composition. BP30 diet increased dry liver weight (P<0.05) and liver fat content (P<0.01). The iodine value and the fatty acid composition of the backfat revealed no significant difference between pigs fed the control diet and those fed the high fibre diets. Finally, considering the economic importance of ham production, the characteristics of the seasoned hams were evaluated. No difference was observed on ham quality. In conclusion, feeding a diet with a high percentage of dried sugar beet pulp alters protein and energy metabolism and slaughter parameters, without affecting the quality of the seasoned ham. gruppi C, BP15 e BP30, rispettivamente, SE=0,06, P<0,05), più alto rapporto fegato/carcassa (1,25% vs 1,27% e 1,49%, SE=0,04, P<0,001), maggior peso del digerente (12,3 vs 12,5 e 16,1 kg, SE=0,45, P<0,001) e più alto rapporto digerente/carcassa (8,8% vs 9,1% e 12,4%, SE=0,31, P<0,001). I suini del gruppo C hanno avuto una maggior resa rispetto agli animali del gruppo BP15 (83,3% vs 81,9%, SE=0,36, P<0,01)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of high levels of beet pulp in the diet on endocrine/metabolic traits, slaughter dressing percentage, and ham quality in Italian heavy pigs

Magistrelli

Galassi

Crovetto

et al. 2009

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…The current study showed a higher digestibility of mannan and mannan is a sort of NSP that breaks down by β-mannanase to be fermented in hindgut. The produced volatile fatty acids during fermentation of dietary NSP, play a role to be used as an energy resource instead of blood glucose (Rerat, 1996). In the current study, high mannan level did not change blood glucose, however, some other studies reported that the high mannan level in the diets reduce the absorption of glucose (Rainbird et al, 1984;Yoon et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Kim

Ingale

Hosseindoust

et al. 2017

Animal

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The exogenous enzymes are less consistent in their effects as their beneficial effects depend upon the types and level non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in the diets. Therefore, exogenous enzymes should be selected on the basis of types and amount of the NSP in the pig diets. The objectives of the present experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary level of mannan and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients, and blood metabolites of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 96 barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments on the basis of BW. There were four replicates in each treatment with six pigs per replicate. The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based control diet and three other diets consisted of the control diet supplemented with 400, 800 or 1600 U of β-mannanase/kg diet. The final BW, average daily gain (ADG) and blood glucose increased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of dietary β-mannanase. The ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and β-mannan was higher (linear, P < 0.05) with increase in dietary β-mannanase concentrations. In Exp. 2, 288 barrows were allotted to six treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of mannan level (high v. low) and addition of β-mannanase (0, 400 or 800 U/kg diet). There were four replicates in each treatment with 12 pigs/replicate. Pigs were fed corn-SBM-based low-mannan diet (6.1 g/kg) or high-mannan (25.2 g/kg) diet in which corn and SBM were partially replaced with 50 g/kg diet palm kernel meal. All diets were fed in meal form for 42 days. Pigs fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase had greater ( P < 0.05) final BW, ADG, feed to gain (F : G), the ATTD of DM, GE, and β-mannan and blood glucose concentration compared with pigs fed diets without β-mannanase. In addition, the final BW, ADG, F : G and the ATTD of GE and β-mannan were reduced ( P < 0.05) in low mannan level. The dietary level of mannan and the β-mannanase supplementation had no effects ( P > 0.05) on the concentrations of blood total cholesterol, triacylglycerides and blood urea nitrogen. These results indicate that supplementation of β-mannanase to low-or high-mannan diets have potential to improve the performance of growing pigs. In addition, palm kernel meal may partially replace corn and SBM without reducing pig performance if β-mannanase is added to diet.Keywords: blood metabolites, growing pigs, performance, mannan, β-mannanase ImplicationsThe β-mannan accounts for 15% to 35 % (soy-based to palm-based) of total non-starch polysaccharides content of the pig diets, β-galactomannan, is a polysaccharide with repeating units of mannose, with galactose or glucose, or both, often found attached to the β-mannan. Pig digestive tract lacks the enzymes targeting β-1, 4-mannosyl bond and α-1, 6-galactosyl bonds, which limits the nutrient utilization and growth performance. These results indicate that β-mannanase have potential to improve the performance of growing pigs, and palm kernel meal m...

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“…Several studies have shown that the supply of carbohydrate-providing nutrients to the body takes place in 2 phases: a phase with rapid and increased influxes of nutrients (i.e., absorptive phase) and a phase with decreased influx of nutrients (i.e., postabsorptive phase; Giusi-Perier et al, 1989;Rérat, 1996;Bach Knudsen, 2000b, 2005; Figure 2). The length of the absorptive phase and postabsorptive phase, respectively, depends on the feeding regimen.…”

Section: Absorption Of Products Deriving From Polymeric Carbohydrate mentioning

confidence: 99%

TRIENNIAL GROWTH SYMPOSIUM: Effects of polymeric carbohydrates on growth and development in pigs1

Knudsen

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Polymeric carbohydrates, starch and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), quantitatively represent the largest portion of the diets for pigs and are, therefore, the largest energy contributor. The 2 types of polysaccharides, however, have different fates and functions in the gastrointestinal tract and lead to different metabolites upon digestion. Pancreatic and mucosal enzymes in the small intestine break down the majority of starch, whereas NSP primarily are degraded by the microflora in the large intestine. Starch degradation leads to the release of glucose, which is absorbed by an active absorption process that triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas, whereas the fermentation of NSP to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; i.e., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) occurs at a slower and more constant rate and with SCFA being absorbed by passive diffusion. Type and amounts of polymeric carbohydrates influence growth and development through different mechanisms. First, the proportion of starch to NSP plays an important role for the content of available energy (i.e., DE, ME, and NE); available energy relative to protein is crucial for performance and carcass quality. Second, the proportion of starch to NSP will influence rate and type of metabolites (i.e., glucose vs. SCFA) deriving from carbohydrate assimilation. Third and finally, the type of starch (i.e., types A, B, and C) and soluble NSP will influence the release of insulin, the hormone that facilitates nutrient uptake by tissues, organs, and cells, and thus plays a critically essential role in protein synthesis and muscle growth, as well as lipid synthesis and adipose tissue growth. In conclusion, polymeric carbohydrates influence growth and development through events in the gut and direct and indirect effects of different metabolites deriving from carbohydrate assimilation.

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Influence of the nature of carbohydrate intake on the absorption chronology of reducing sugars and volatile fatty acids in the pig

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of high levels of beet pulp in the diet on endocrine/metabolic traits, slaughter dressing percentage, and ham quality in Italian heavy pigs

Influence of high levels of beet pulp in the diet on endocrine/metabolic traits, slaughter dressing percentage, and ham quality in Italian heavy pigs

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

TRIENNIAL GROWTH SYMPOSIUM: Effects of polymeric carbohydrates on growth and development in pigs1

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