“…Compared with other materials, wooden packaging boxes and pallets have the characteristics of high loadbearing strength, good compressive strength, anti-collision cracking, good cushioning, low price, and convenient production. They are widely used in the packaging and transportation of mechanical electronics, ceramic building materials, hardware appliances, precision instruments, and oversized items, especially large and medium-sized mechanical products (Mills and Masso-Moreu 2005;Van Dijk et al 2015;Kočí 2019;Ponzo et al 2021). In recent years, due to the inadequate supply between global bamboo and wood resources, wooden packaging boxes and pallets have gradually abandoned solid wood manufacturing.…”