Influence of the Initial Material Condition on the Deformation Behavior of Zircaloy Cladding Tubes in the High-α-Phase Region

Abstract

The influence of the initial material condition on the deformation behavior of Zircaloy cladding tubes at 600 and 800°C is systematically investigated by closed end creep rupture tests and transient burst tests in air. At 800°C the strain rate of the cladding tube diameter can be described by the Norton creep equation ˙ε = Aσn exp(− Q/RT) with a constant structure parameter A, stress exponent n, and activity energy Q. The structure parameter A depends on the normalized initial stress σ0/G(T) (σ0 = initial stress; G(T) = temperature-dependent shear modulus) and the initial material condition of the cladding characterized by the yield stress at 400°C and the degree of cold work during the final rocking step. At 600°C nonstationary creep behavior is reported for the as-cold-worked and partly recrystallized material condition. The Norton creep equation can be maintained with the same constants n and Q if a time-dependent structure parameter is assumed. As a result, the structure parameter A(t) can be written as a function of (1) the “extended normalized annealing time” K(ϕ, t, T), which describes the influence of cold work ϕ, annealing time t, and temperature T on the degree of recrystallization, and (2) the creep deformation represented by the normalized true tangential stress σ(t)/G(T) of the cladding tube sample: 1A(t)−AminAmax−A(t)=a[σ(t)G(T)K(ϕ,t,T)]b where Amin, Amax = empirical minimum and maximum values of A, respectively, and a, b = empirical constants, depending on the degree of cold work. The analytical treatment is extended to temperature transient processes by using in Eq 1 an effective temperature instead of the actual temperature. The empirical equation (1) together with the Norton creep equation enable the description of the strain rate history of a Zircaloy cladding tube in the temperature range between 600 and 800°C and the dependency on the initial material condition.