Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant’s Exploitation on Its Operation Effectiveness in Rural Areas

Abstract

The article evaluates the effectiveness of the removal of organic pollutants—nitrogen and phosphorus—from household sewage in a hybrid bioreactor with a submerged fixed bed. The experiment was carried out in two exploitation variants that were both conducted in a laboratory model of the hybrid bioreactor: (I) cycles of 120 min of aeration and 60 min of no aeration with a constant sewage dosage, and (II) cycles 60 min of aeration and 60 min of no aeration, with a periodic sewage dosage in the no-aeration phase. The experiment was carried out on real sewage primarily treated in a septic tank. The amount of pollution removal was calculated and compared with the mandatory standards according to Polish law. Moreover, the susceptibility of the sewage to the biological treatment, nitrification, and denitrification activity was determined. The research shows a higher effectiveness for the 60/60 model in comparison to the 120/60 model. High operation efficiency was observed regarding the removal of organic pollution and nitrate nitrogen. The tested structure showed very low nitrification activity combined with intense denitrification. These processes were observed in the 60/60 variant. The structure was often overloaded with the nitrate nitrogen, which was considered to be the nitrification process inhibitor. It was suggested that phosphorus was also removed by the denitrifying bacteria.

Assessment of the Efficiency, Environmental and Economic Effects of Compact Type On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants—Results from Random Testing

“…As the onsite plants were randomly selected, it can be stated that hybrid technology is the most effective and reliable one. The results of this study confirmed the previous findings of other authors [4,25]. Greater reduction of organic substances in the hybrid bioreactor compared to the reactor using conventional activated sludge was reported by Krzanowski and Wałęga [4].…”

“…The results of this study confirmed the previous findings of other authors [4,25]. Greater reduction of organic substances in the hybrid bioreactor compared to the reactor using conventional activated sludge was reported by Krzanowski and Wałęga [4].…”

Application of the Mathematical Simulation Methods for the Assessment of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation Work Reliability

“…Such irregularity is typical for household sewage. Research results presented by [45][46][47][48][49] also indicate on the irregularity of pollutants concentration in household sewage.…”

Identification and Characterization of Janthinobacterium svalbardensis F19, a Novel Low-C/N-Tolerant Denitrifying Bacterium

“…Biological processes, the most efficient and cost-effective method among nitrogen removal methods [7,8], are the most widely used for wastewater [9,10]. Traditional microbial domestic wastewater treatment is dependent on aerobic autotrophic nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrate (NH 4 + →NH 2 OH→NO 2 − →NO 3 − ), followed by anaerobic denitrifying bacteria that convert nitrate to nitrogen gas (NO 3 − →NO 2 − →NO→N 2 O→N 2 ) [7,11].…”