Influence of the Hand on the Specific Absorption Rate in the Head

“…The results showed that the hand phantom brought slight impedance matching deterioration for both GSM frequency bands. Additionally, presence of the user's hand leads to less conservative SAR values to the human head [16]. The human hand leads to reduce the SAR values to the head tissues, as it dispels a part of antenna radiated energy [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hand on EM absorption and antenna performances for internal handset PIFA

Faruque

Hossain

2017

Teh. vjesn.

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Preliminary communication The aim of this investigation is to analyse the effects of hand on electromagnetic (EM) absorption and antenna performances. The EM absorption is evaluated by using the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head and total absorbed power by the user in this paper. The antenna performance's parameters comprising radiation efficiency, total efficiency, gain and bandwidth are considered in this investigation. The analysis was performed using mobile phone with a human head and hand model in both cheek and tilt positions. The main part of the investigation is based on the finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) method. The results show that the SAR values are decreased and total absorbed power by user increased rapidly due to insertion of hand model. The user's hand also leads to degrade antenna's communication performance considerably. Moreover, the presented analysis provides some useful indication to design handset antenna considering hand effects. Keywords: antenna; FDTD method; hand effects; human hand model; human head model; PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna); SAR Djelovanje ruke na elektromagnetsku apsorpciju i funkcioniranje antene za interni PIFA ručni telefonPrethodno priopćenje Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati učinke ruke na elektromagnetsku (EM) apsorpciju i funkcioniranje antene. U radu se procjenjuje EM apsorpcija pomoću specifične brzine apsorpcije -specific absorption rate (SAR) u ljudskoj glavi i ukupne apsorbirane snage od strane korisnika. U radu se razmatraju parametri djelovanja antene uključujući učinkovitost zračenja, ukupnu učinkovitost, pojačanje i širinu frekvencijskog područja. Analiza je provedena pomoću mobilnog telefona položenog na obraz i s nagibom na obraz. Glavni dio istraživanja temelji se na finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) metodi. Rezultati pokazuju da su se SAR vrijednosti smanjile i da se ukupna snaga koju je korisnik apsorbirao brzo povećala zbog umetanja ručnog modela. Ruka korisnika također dovodi do znatnog smanjenja komunikacijskog učinka antene. Osim toga, predstavljena analiza daje neke korisne naznake za dizajn antene mobilnog telefona s obzirom na položaj ruke.

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“…19 and IEC 60118-13, and an alternative tuned dipole near-field method also specified in ANSI C63. 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF interference in hearing aids from cellphones part 1: Near-field cellphone emissions measurements and the effects of hands

Beard

Julstrom²,

Kozma-Spytek

2015

IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag.

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Cellular telephones (cellphones) are currently categorized for hearing aid compatibility based on a calculated value (metric) obtained from the measurement of near-field, radio-frequency emissions according to a procedure described in ANSI Standard C63.19 "Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communications Devices and Hearing Aids". There has been a lack of documentation, however, that relates this metric to a cellphone's potential for interference in actual use, that is, when it is held at the ear in a normal-use position by a hearing aid wearer. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we compare the ANSI C63.19 metric to simpler metrics, still based on the near-field test procedure of the standard, and to near-field measurements made when the cellphones are hand-held. The results justify employing a simpler no-hand metric than the exclusion area procedure presently specified by the standard, but not the addition of a test hand to the procedure. The further effect of the head and interaction with the hearing aid is examined in Part 2 of the series.

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Influence of the Hand on the Specific Absorption Rate in the Head

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Analysis of SAR on flat phantom for different multi-antenna mobile terminals

Analysis of SAR on flat phantom for different multi-antenna mobile terminals

Effects of hand on EM absorption and antenna performances for internal handset PIFA

RF interference in hearing aids from cellphones part 1: Near-field cellphone emissions measurements and the effects of hands

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