Influence of the gut flora and of some growth-promoting feed additives on nitrogen metabolism in pigs. I. Studies in vitro

Dierick, Noël; Vervaeke, I. J.; Decuypere, Jaak; Henderickx, H. K.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(86)90005-9

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the current study, dietary pectin resulted in a decrease in the apparent ileal digestibility of both DM and nitrogen, which is in agreement with previous studies (Dierick et al, 1986;Souffrant, 2001) and is likely due to an increase in endogenous secretions such as mucin, a decrease in nutrient absorption (Dierick et al, 1986), or an increase in incorporation of nitrogen into microbial biomass and subsequent increase in ileal microbial protein flow (Mosenthin et al, 1992b;Partanen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It has been shown that an increase in dietary fibre content of a diet can result in increased endogenous AA losses, impaired nutrient absorption (Dierick et al, 1986), increased nitrogen incorporation into microbial protein, and increased microbial protein flow at the distal ileum (Mosenthin et al, 1994). In addition, dietary fibre may provide an alternative substrate to meet the enteric microbial energy requirements, reducing reliance on AA fermentation as an energy source (Metges, 2000;Oba and Allen, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating fermentative amino acid catabolism in the small intestine of growing pigs

Columbus

Cant

Lange

2015

Animal

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Fermentative catabolism (FAAC) of dietary and endogenous amino acids (AA) in the small intestine contributes to loss of AA available for protein synthesis and body maintenance functions in pigs. A continuous isotope infusion study was performed to determine whole body urea flux, urea recycling and FAAC in the small intestine of ileal-cannulated growing pigs fed a control diet (CON, 18.6% CP; n = 6), a high fibre diet with 12% added pectin (HF, 17.7% CP; n = 4) or a low-protein diet (LP, 13.4% CP; n = 6). 15N-ammonium chloride and 13 C-urea were infused intragastrically and intravenously, respectively, for 4 days. Recovery of ammonia at the distal ileum was increased by feeding additional fibre when compared with the CON ( P < 0.05) but was not affected by dietary protein (0.24, 0.39 and 0.14 mmol nitrogen/kg BW/day for CON, HF and LP, respectively; P < 0.05). Lowering protein intake reduced urea flux (25.3, 25.7 and 10.3 mmol nitrogen/kg BW/day; P < 0.01), urinary urea excretion (14.4, 15.0 and 6.2 mmol N/kg BW/day; P < 0.001) and urea recycling (12.1, 11.3 and 3.23 mmol nitrogen/kg BW/day; P < 0.01) compared with CON. There was a rapid reduction in 15 N-ammonia enrichment in digesta along the small intestine suggesting rapid absorption of ammonia before the distal ileum and lack of uniformity of enrichment in the digesta ammonia pool. A two-pool model was developed to determine possible value ranges for nitrogen flux in the small intestine assuming rapid absorption of ammonia. Maximum estimated FAAC based on this model was significantly lower when dietary protein content was decreased (32.9, 33.4 and 17.4 mmol nitrogen/kg BW/day; P < 0.001). There was no impact of dietary fibre on estimates of small intestine nitrogen flux ( P > 0.05) compared with CON. The two-pool model developed in the present study allows for estimation of FAAC but still has limitations. Quantifying FAAC in the small intestine of pigs, as well as other non-ruminants and humans, offers a number of challenges but warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating fermentative amino acid catabolism in the small intestine of growing pigs

Columbus

Cant

Lange

2015

Animal

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“…Virginiamycin acts in monogastric animals by increasing nutrient availability due to selective inhibition of enteric bacteria (Dierick et al, 1986). Vervaeke et al (1979) observed decreased in vitro organic acid production in ileal contents of pigs promoted by virginiamycin, which results in a substantial sparing of carbohydrates, increasing their availability for intestinal absorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virginiamycin can also inhibit decarboxylation of amino acids in the gut, mainly in the small intestine, sparing essential amino acids by reduced formation of ammonia or amines. These amino acids could be available to the animal, resulting in increased quantities of metabolizable protein (Dierick et al, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin for finishing Nellore steers fed high concentrate diets

Nuñez¹,

Caetano²,

Berndt

et al. 2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Zebu cattle fed high concentrate diets may present inconsistent performance due to the occurrence of metabolic disorders, like acidosis. The isolated use of ionophores and virginiamycin in high grain diets can improve animal performance and reduce the incidence of such disorders, but recent studies suggested that their combination may have an additive effect.Thus, 72 Nellore steers, 389 ± 15 kg initial body weight (BW), were confined and fed for 79 days to evaluate the combination of virginiamycin and salinomycin on performance and carcass traits. Animals were allocated to a randomized complete block design by BW, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two concentrate levels (73 and 91 %) and two virginiamycin levels (0 and 15 mg kg -1 ), and salinomycin (13 mg kg

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“…Production of ammonia from amino acids (AA) and other nitrogenous compounds is a result of enteric microbial fermentation, and coliform bacteria such as E. coli have been shown to contribute to ammonia production within the upper gut of pigs (Dierick et al, 1986). Elevated intestinal ammonia is thus a biomarker for the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of piglets weaned from sows fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to an Escherichia coli K88+ oral challenge

Patterson

Connor

Krause

et al. 2008

Animal

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Seventy-eight Cotswold piglets weaned from sows receiving 0% or 2% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-supplemented rations from day 85 of gestation through lactation were allocated to nursery diets (ND) according to their dam's lactation ration (LR) as follows (1) 0%-0% (0% CLA LR: 0% CLA ND, n 5 17); (2) 0%-2% (0% CLA LR: 2% CLA ND, n 5 17); (3) 2%-0% (2% CLA LR: 0% CLA ND, n 5 23); and (4) 2%-2% (2% CLA LR: 2% CLA ND, n 5 21). At 28 6 2 days of age all piglets received an oral Escherichia coli K88 1 (enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC) challenge and were subsequently monitored for scour development and overall health until 36 6 2 days of age, after which blood and tissue samples were collected. Piglet BW was not affected by dietary CLA supplementation to LR (P . 0.05). However, by day 36 piglets receiving 2% CLA-supplemented ND were significantly lighter (P , 0.05) than piglets receiving control diets. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by CLA supplementation. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was greater for piglets weaned from 2% CLA-supplemented sows from day 17 to 28 (P , 0.05), otherwise ADFI was unaffected by dietary CLA supplementation (P . 0.05). The development of scours was less severe in piglets weaned from 2% CLA-supplemented sows at 8, 24, 48 and 56 h after ETEC challenge (P , 0.05). Intestinal coliform and lactic acid bacteria populations post challenge were not affected by CLA supplementation. However, cecal ammonia-N was numerically greatest in 0%-0% piglets compared to the other treatment groups, and the total volatile fatty acid production was numerically lower in 0%-0% and 0%-2% piglets compared to 2%-0% and 2%-2% piglets. In addition, piglets weaned from 2% CLA-supplemented sows had increased serum immunoglobulin A (P , 0.001) and G (P , 0.05) levels and reduced (P , 0.05) intestinal mucosal inflammation compared to piglets weaned from control sows. Although there were no obvious additional health effects observed when CLA was provided in ND, supplementing sow rations with 2% CLA from mid-gestation through weaning appears to have immune-stimulating carry-over effects post weaning. Thus, supplementing sow rations with CLA may be a practical strategy for enhancing passive immune transfer and improving the immune status and overall gut health of nursery piglets.

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Influence of the gut flora and of some growth-promoting feed additives on nitrogen metabolism in pigs. I. Studies in vitro

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Estimating fermentative amino acid catabolism in the small intestine of growing pigs

Estimating fermentative amino acid catabolism in the small intestine of growing pigs

Combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin for finishing Nellore steers fed high concentrate diets

Response of piglets weaned from sows fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to an Escherichia coli K88+ oral challenge

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