Influence of the fixation technique on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone of the femoral head

Fischer, B.; Hofmann, A.; Kurz, Sascha; Edel, Melanie; Zajonz, Dirk; Röth, Andreas; Schleifenbaum, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105280

Cited by 4 publications

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“…A significant increase in the E 0 was observed after acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline. In line with our results, a study by Fischer et al [ 17 ] reported that the mean value of elastic modulus was higher for samples stored in acetone for 24 h than that of non-treated samples, the increase reached 146%. They attributed this difference to the defatting of cancellous bone by acetone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Another question arises, whether there are any differences between the mechanical properties of non-treated bone and bone subjected to immersion in physiological saline after treatment with acetone. On this topic, Fischer et al [ 17 ] found that there was a significant difference in mechanical properties between non-treated bone samples and those treated with acetone. However, their study did not immerse the acetone-treated samples anymore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, it was unclear if the changes in mechanical properties after acetone treatment could be reversed by subsequent immersion in physiological saline. Moreover, current studies investigating the influence of bone marrow removal on the mechanical properties of cancellous bone are few and mostly limited to animal bones [ 8 ] or human bone from a single anatomical site [ 17 ]. Due to the varying loads, the density and microstructure of human cancellous bone differ from those of animals, resulting in some variability in mechanical properties [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected mechanical properties of human cancellous bone subjected to different treatments: short-term immersion in physiological saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline

et al. 2022

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Background Physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and acetone are extensively used for storage (as well as hydration) and removal of bone marrow, respectively, of cancellous bone during preparation and mechanical testing. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of cancellous bone subjected to short-term immersion in saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in saline. Methods Cylindrical samples (Ø6 × 12 mm) were harvested from three positions (left, middle, and right) of 1 thoracic vertebral body, 19 lumbar vertebral bodies, and 5 sacral bones, as well as from 9 femoral heads. All samples were divided into two groups according to the different treatments, (i) samples from the left and middle sides were immersed in saline at 4℃ for 43 h (saline-immersed group, n = 48); (ii) samples from the respective right side were treated with a combination of acetone and ultrasonic bath (4 h), air-dried at room temperature (21℃, 15 h), and then immersed in saline at room temperature (21℃, 24 h) (acetone and saline-treated group, n = 38). All samples were subjected, both before and after treatment, to a non-destructive compression test with a strain of 0.45%, and finally destructive tests with a strain of 50%. Actual density (ρact), initial modulus (E0), maximum stress (σmax), energy absorption (W), and plateau stress (σp) were calculated as evaluation indicators. Results Based on visual observation, a combination of acetone and ultrasonic bath for 4 h failed to completely remove bone marrow from cancellous bone samples. The mean values of ρact, σmax, W, and σp were significantly higher in the femoral head than in the spine. There was no significant difference in E0 between non-treated and saline-immersed samples (non-treated 63.98 ± 20.23 vs. saline-immersed 66.29 ± 20.61, p = 0.132). The average E0 of acetone and saline-treated samples was significantly higher than that of non-treated ones (non-treated 62.17 ± 21.08 vs. acetone and saline-treated 74.97 ± 23.98, p = 0.043). Conclusion Short-term storage in physiological saline is an appropriate choice and has no effect on the E0 of cancellous bone. Treatment of cancellous bone with acetone resulted in changes in mechanical properties that could not be reversed by subsequent immersion in physiological saline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected mechanical properties of human cancellous bone subjected to different treatments: short-term immersion in physiological saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline

et al. 2022

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“…The use of models with parameters [35,42] may be promisi for improving the results of the analysis and for expanding the scope of such mode Nevertheless, for compression, quite adequate results were obtained us model ( 1)-(18) (Figures 3, 4, and 6-12). In addition, using the energy criterion in t (3) and the ideas of fracture mechanics [23,24], the following are justified: the resource function (6) and the damage function (7); the formulas for determining fective elastic modulus using experimental data (8), (10), (11), and the apparent m of elasticity (14); the functions of load-displacement (15a) and of apparent stres (16a); and the hypothesis about the consolidation of the particles of the destroyed at the final stage of compression tests (Section 3.4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the point of view of mechanics, at the macro level, bone tissue is an inhomogeneous anisotropic porous material. Structural units (including the walls between the pores) interact with each other, resisting mechanical influences, so a bone sample with a characteristic size of a few millimeters or more can be considered as a certain mechanical system consisting of hierarchically ordered nano-, micro-, and meso-scale structural units [5][6][7]. The characteristic sizes of bone structural units are in the range from 1 nanometer to 500 micrometers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Damage Model to Trabecular Bone and Similar Materials: Residual Resource, Effective Elasticity Modulus, and Effective Stress under Uniaxial Compression

Kolesnikov

Meltser

2021

Symmetry

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Experimental research of bone strength remains costly and limited for ethical and technical reasons. Therefore, to predict the mechanical state of bone tissue, as well as similar materials, it is desirable to use computer technology and mathematical modeling. Yet, bone tissue as a bio-mechanical object with a hierarchical structure is difficult to analyze for strength and rigidity; therefore, empirical models are often used, the disadvantage of which is their limited application scope. The use of new analytical solutions overcomes the limitations of empirical models and significantly improves the way engineering problems are solved. Aim of the paper: the development of analytical solutions for computer models of the mechanical state of bone and similar materials. Object of research: a model of trabecular bone tissue as a quasi-brittle material under uniaxial compression (or tension). The new ideas of the fracture mechanics, as well as the methods of mathematical modeling and the biomechanics of bone tissues were used in the work. Compression and tension are considered as asymmetric mechanical states of the material. Results: a new nonlinear function that simulates both tension and compression is justified, analytical solutions for determining the effective and apparent elastic modulus are developed, the residual resource function and the damage function are justified, and the dependences of the initial and effective stresses on strain are obtained. Using the energy criterion, it is proven that the effective stress continuously increases both before and after the extremum point on the load-displacement plot. It is noted that the destruction of bone material is more likely at the inflection point of the load-displacement curve. The model adequacy is explained by the use of the energy criterion of material degradation. The results are consistent with the experimental data available in the literature.

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Atraumatic femoral head necrosis: a biomechanical, histological and radiological examination compared to primary hip osteoarthritis

Hofmann

Fischer

Schleifenbaum

et al. 2021

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg

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Introduction Atraumatic necrosis of the femoral head (AFHN) is a common disease with an incidence of 5000–7000 middle-aged adults in Germany. There is no uniform consensus in the literature regarding the configuration of the bone in AFHN. The clinical picture of our patients varies from very hard bone, especially in idiopathic findings, and rather soft bone in cortisone-induced necrosis. A better understanding of the underlying process could be decisive for establishing a morphology-dependent approach. The aim of this study is the closer examination of the condition of the bone in the AFHN compared to the primary hip osteo arthritis (PHOA). Materials and methods The preparations were obtained as part of elective endoprosthetic treatment of the hip joint. Immediately after sample collection, thin-slice CT of the preserved femoral heads was performed to determine the exact density of the bone in the necrosis zone. Reconstruction was done in 0.8–1 mm layers in two directions, coronary and axial, starting from the femoral neck axis. Density of the femoral heads was determined by grey value analysis. The value in Hounsfield units per sample head was averaged from three individual measurements to minimize fluctuations. For biomechanical and histomorphological evaluation, the samples were extracted in the load bearing zone perpendicular to the surface of the femoral head. Group-dependent statistical evaluation was performed using single factor variance analysis (ANOVA). Results A total of 41 patients with a mean age of 64.44 years were included. The mean bone density of the AFHN samples, at 1.432 g/cm3, was about 7% higher than in the PHOA group with a mean value of 1.350 g/cm3 (p = 0.040). The biomechanical testing in the AFHN group showed a 22% higher—but not significant—mean compressive strength (20.397 MPa) than in the PHOA group (16.733 MPa). On the basis of histological analysis, no differentiation between AFHN and PHOA samples was possible. Conclusions The present study (NCT, evidence level II) shows that AFHN has a very well detectable higher bone density compared to PHOA. However, neither biomechanical stress tests nor histomorphological evaluation did show any significant difference between the groups. The results allow the conclusion that there is no “soft” necrosis at all in the AFHN group.

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Influence of the fixation technique on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone of the femoral head

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Selected mechanical properties of human cancellous bone subjected to different treatments: short-term immersion in physiological saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline

Selected mechanical properties of human cancellous bone subjected to different treatments: short-term immersion in physiological saline and acetone treatment with subsequent immersion in physiological saline

A Damage Model to Trabecular Bone and Similar Materials: Residual Resource, Effective Elasticity Modulus, and Effective Stress under Uniaxial Compression

Atraumatic femoral head necrosis: a biomechanical, histological and radiological examination compared to primary hip osteoarthritis

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