Influence of the effect of nanoparticle additives blended with mahua methyl ester on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine

Recent advancement in the application of metal based nanoadditive in diesel/biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine: A comprehensive review on nanofluid preparation and stability, fuel property, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

“…100 ppm Al 2 O 3 NP dispersed B20 blend of palm kernel biodiesel increased NOx by 15.63% 144 . Likewise, addition of Al 2 O 3 NP to B20 blend of mahua biodiesel led to increase in NOx emission of a single cylinder, water cooled, Kirloskar AV1, CI engine 71 . 50–100 ppm Bi 2 O 3 NP doped algae biodiesel blend (B20) also increased NOx emission 93 .…”

“…In addition, CO emission of a single cylinder, water cooled, Kirloskar 240PE, CI engine was reduced by 44.41% for 100 ppm Al 2 O 3 NP added diesel‐palm kernel biodiesel blend (B20) 144 . Moreover, inclusion of Al 2 O 3 NP at 120 ppm concentration level with mahua biodiesel blend (B20) decreased CO emission by 10.24% 71 . Inclusion of Al 2 O 3 NP with diesel‐MME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 50 and 100 ppm, 34 diesel‐WCFME blends (B20 and B40) at dosage levels of 25 and 50 ppm, 152 diesel‐TSME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 30 and 60 ppm, 42 diesel‐PLOME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 30 mg/L, 154 diesel‐SOME‐ethanol blend (D80B15E4) at a dosage level of 100 mg/L, 153 diesel‐JME‐ethanol blend (D70B20E10) at a dosage level of 25 ppm, 86 and water‐CME emulsion (B83W15) at a dosage level of 100 ppm 91 also resulted in decreased CO emission compared to fuel with no Al 2 O 3 NP additive.…”

“…Inclusion of 100 ppm Al 2 O 3 NP with diesel‐palm kernel methyl ester (PKME) blend (B20) increased PCP by 10.67% 144 . Likewise, addition of Al 2 O 3 NP to diesel‐MME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 50 and 100 ppm, 34 diesel‐PGME blend (B25) at dosage levels of 50 and 100 ppm, 82 diesel‐waste chicken fat methyl ester (WCFME) blend (B20 and B40) at dosage levels of 25 and 50 ppm, 152 diesel‐JOME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 30 mg/L, 68 diesel‐MME blend (B20) at dosage level of 120 ppm, 71 diesel‐TSME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 30 and 60 ppm, 42 diesel‐SOME‐ethanol blend (D80B15E4) at a dosage level of 100 mg/L, 153 diesel‐JOME‐ethanol blend (D70B10E20) at dosage levels of 15–100 mg/L, 145 diesel‐JME‐ethanol blend (D70B20E10) at a dosage level of 25 ppm, 86 and diesel‐methanol blend (M5 and M15) at a dosage level of 100 ppm 89 increased PCP. However, PCP is reported to lower with the inclusion of Al 2 O 3 NP with water‐diesel emulsion (D83W15) at dosage level of 100 ppm, 90 CME‐water emulsion (B83W15) at dosage level of 100 ppm, 91 diesel‐poultry litter oil methyl ester (PLOME) blend (B20) at dosage level of 30 mg/L, 154 and diesel‐ethanol blend (E10) at a dosage level of 100 ppm 88 .…”

“…41 Inclusion of 100 ppm Al 2 O 3 NP with diesel-PKME blend (B20) increased HRR peak by 21.75%. 144 Likewise, addition of Al 2 O 3 NP to diesel-MME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 50 and 100 ppm, 34 diesel-WCFME blend (B20 and B40) at dosage levels of 25 and 50 ppm, 152 diesel-MME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 120 ppm, 71 diesel-TSME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 30 and 60 ppm, 42 165 In addition, dispersion of 100 ppm CuO NP into B20 blend of Pongamia biodiesel decreased EGT of a Kirloskar AV1, CI engine. 37 In contrast, 40-120 ppm ZnO NP blended diesel-pongamia biodiesel blend (B20) increased EGT of a single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection, Kirloskar, CI engine by 7.63% at full load.…”

“…Addition of Cu NP at a dosage level of 30 mg/L to B10, B20, and B100 blends of CIME decreased BSFC by 3%–6% at full load 60 . Inclusion of Al 2 O 3 NP with diesel‐MME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 50 and 100 ppm, 34 diesel‐WCFME blend (B20 and B40) at dosage levels of 25 and 50 ppm, 152 diesel‐PKME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 100 ppm, 144 diesel‐MME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 120 ppm, 71 diesel‐TSME blend (B20) at dosage levels of 30 and 60 ppm, 42 diesel‐PLOME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 30 mg/L, 154 diesel‐JME blend (B20) at a dosage level of 30 mg/L, 40 diesel‐PGME blend (B25) at dosage levels of 50 and 100 ppm, 82 diesel‐JOME‐ethanol blend (D70B10E20) at dosage levels of 25–100 ppm, 145 diesel‐SOME‐ethanol blend (D80B15E4) at a dosage level of 100 mg/L, 153 diesel‐JME‐ethanol blend (D70B20E10) at a dosage level of 25 ppm, 86 water‐diesel emulsion (D83W15) at dosage levels of 20, 50, and 100 ppm, 90 neat diesel, 85,164 diesel‐methanol blend (M5 and M15) at a dosage level of 100 ppm, 89 diesel‐ethanol blend (E10) at a dosage level of 100 ppm, 88 and water‐CME emulsion (B83W15) at a dosage level of 100 ppm 91 resulted in decreased BSFC compared to fuel with no Al 2 O 3 NP additive. Addition of Ag 2 O NP to neat NOME at doping levels of 5 and 10 ppm lowered BSFC by 6.93% and 9.9% respectively 92 .…”