Influence of the delivery modus on subpopulations and replication of lymphocytes in mothers and newborns

Almanzar, Giovanni; Schönlaub, Jörn; Hammerer-Lercher, Angelika; Koppelstaetter, Christian; Bernhard, David; Prelog, Martina

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.09.010

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…One possible explanation is that the labour process and vaginal birth may impact infant physiology leading to the establishment of specific microbiota in the gut. There is emerging evidence that lack of vaginal delivery, and in particular of labour, may interfere with the maturation of immune cells and may change the levels of circulating cytokines (Almanzar et al, 2015;Thysen et al, 2015). Delivery mode has differential consequences for activation of the foetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with profound effects on the developing foetal immune system (Yektaei-Karin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

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The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

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“…There are many interesting examples of non-genetic factors having an influence on the immune phenotype of the neonate. For example, to be born with caesarian section has been associated with higher cord blood leukocyte counts and a higher granulocyte:lymphocyte ratio in babies, compared to vaginal delivery [108][109][110] . Vaginal delivery was also associated with higher levels of several cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-y 108,109,111 , possibly related to the increase in stress hormone levels induced by labor 112 .…”

Section: Environmental Influence On the Developing Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, to be born with caesarian section has been associated with higher cord blood leukocyte counts and a higher granulocyte:lymphocyte ratio in babies, compared to vaginal delivery [108][109][110] . Vaginal delivery was also associated with higher levels of several cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-y 108,109,111 , possibly related to the increase in stress hormone levels induced by labor 112 . Numerous other environmental factors have been connected to immune phenotype, including maternal smoking 113 , breastfeeding [114][115][116][117] , viral infections 114 , and antigen exposure 118,119 .…”

Section: Environmental Influence On the Developing Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The repertoire of maternal anti-viral antibodies in human newborns

Pou

Nkulikiyimfura

Henckel

et al. 2019

Nat Med

109

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“…To reduce the risk of alloimmune reactions between mother and fetus, APCs from the newborn selectively impair production of Th1-related cytokines (36). Although vaginal or cesarean delivery can affect leukocyte populations and plasma concentration of some cytokines (37), hUCB T-cells presented lower IFN-γ production after mitogen stimulation independently of the way of delivery (38). This regulation is partially explained by impaired IL-12 production caused by a defect in nucleosome remodeling and the repression of IL-12p35 at the chromatin level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Highly Prevalent Regulatory CD24hiCD38hi B-Cell Population in Human Cord Blood

et al. 2017

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The newborn’s immune system must transition from a sterile haploidentical uterus to the world full of antigens. Regulatory B-cells (Breg; broadly defined as CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) are tolerance promoters in the adult immune system. They can inhibit IFN-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells and are essential in different conditions, including pregnancy. Breg have still not been well characterized in umbilical cord blood, where we hypothesize that they are pivotal in the achievement of tolerance. We studied CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg in healthy umbilical cord blood (hUCB) compared to healthy peripheral adult blood (hAPB). Total numbers of Breg were increased in hUCB compared to hAPB (34.39 vs. 9.49%; p = 0.0002), especially in the marginal zone-like B-cell subset, in which the most marked difference could be observed between hUCB and hAPB (60.80 vs. 4.94%; p = 0.1). CD24hiCD38hi subset in hUCB produced IL-10 and inhibited T-cell IFN-γ [1.63 vs. 0.95 stimulation ratio (SR); p = 0.004] and IL-4 (1.63 vs. 1.44 SR; p = 0.39) production. Phenotypically, hUCB Breg cells presented IgMhiIgDhiCD5+CD10+CD27− markers, similar to those described in hAPB Breg cells, but they showed increased IgM concentration and decreased expression of CD22 and CD73 markers. Our work characterized the frequency, phenotype, and function of Breg in hUCB, which may contribute to understanding of immune tolerance during pregnancy, paving the way to a new approach to immune-related diseases in the fetus and the newborn.

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Influence of the delivery modus on subpopulations and replication of lymphocytes in mothers and newborns

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

The repertoire of maternal anti-viral antibodies in human newborns

Characterization of the Highly Prevalent Regulatory CD24hiCD38hi B-Cell Population in Human Cord Blood

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