Influence of the biquadratic interaction to magnetic surface reconstruction

Abstract

The surface spin ordering is studied in a ferromagnetic crystal where spins interact both by bilinear and biquadratic interaction. The surface spin configuration is unstable with respect to ferromagnetic alignment for certain values of parameters leading to so-called surface magnetic reconstruction. It is shown that biquadratic interaction enhances the reconstruction. The energy of surface excitations is calculated and it is shown to be much lower than the energy of bulk excitations in presence of surface reconstruction, while the surface Goldstone mode appears only in the case of vanishing external field and anisotropy. Mean field calculation is presented for the study of the behavior of surface magnetization.

Effects of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the magnetic properties of Fe/Cr/Fe (110) trilayer

“…Interactions such as biquadratic coupling, three-site four-spin interaction and four-site fourspin interaction have been discussed by many investigators. In particular, the practical interest in biquadratic interaction started when it had to be added to the usual bilinear Heisenberg exchange to explain some magnetic properties of materials, such as MnAs, TbSb, MnO, α-MnS, EuSe, rare-earth vanadates, arsenates, and phosphates [16]. Furthermore, it was shown that in some materials a biquadratic-like interaction is dominant (see e.g.…”

“…Furthermore, it was shown that in some materials a biquadratic-like interaction is dominant (see e.g. [16]). More recently, a strong biquadratic coupling has been found in magnetic metallic multilayers [17] and it is responsible for very interesting effects on the properties of the magnetoresistance and magnetization curves [18].…”

Surface and bulk spin waves in magnetic superlattices with biquadratic exchange coupling

“…In particular, the practical interest in the biquadratic interaction started when it had to be added to the usual bilinear Heisenberg exchange to explain some magnetic properties of materials such as MnAs, TbSb, MnO, ␣-MnS, EuSe, rare-earth vanadates, arsenates, and phosphates. 3 Furthermore, it was shown that in some materials a biquadratic-like interaction is dominant ͑see, e.g., Ref. 3͒.…”

Magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe/Cr/Fe (110) magnetic metallic trilayers

“…Interactions such as biquadratic coupling, three-site four-spin interaction, and four-site four-spin interaction have been discussed by many investigators. In particular, the practical interest in biquadratic interaction started when it had to be added to the usual bilinear Heisenberg exchange to explain some magnetic properties of materials, such as MnAs, TbSb, MnO, α-MnS, EuSe, rare-earth vanadates, arsenates, and phosphates [7]. Furthermore, it was shown that in some materials a biquadratic-like interaction is dominant (see, e.g., [8]).…”