Influence of the Bioactive Diet Components on the Gene Expression Regulation

Abstract

Diet bioactive components, in the concept of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, consist of food constituents, which can transfer information from the external environment and influence gene expression in the cell and thus the function of the whole organism. It is crucial to regard food not only as the source of energy and basic nutriments, crucial for living and organism development, but also as the factor influencing health/disease, biochemical mechanisms, and activation of biochemical pathways. Bioactive components of the diet regulate gene expression through changes in the chromatin structure (including DNA methylation and histone modification), non-coding RNA, activation of transcription factors by signalling cascades, or direct ligand binding to the nuclear receptors. Analysis of interactions between diet components and human genome structure and gene activity is a modern approach that will help to better understand these relations and will allow designing dietary guidances, which can help maintain good health.

Therapeutic Potential of Seaweed-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

“…Bioactive dietary components derived from food are known to affect epigenetic gene expression in humans through various mechanisms, such as alteration of the chromatin structure or non-coding RNA, activation of transcription factors by signaling cascades, and direct ligand binding to nuclear receptors. Studies on the influence of polyphenols, PUFAs, and vitamins, which are bioactive dietary components contained in terrestrial plant resources, on epigenetic gene expression in humans through epigenetic change in the genome, miRNA level change, IncRNA level change, and transcription factor activity change are continuously being conducted [165]. By clearly analyzing the mechanisms of interaction between these dietary components and human genome structure and gene activity, a better understanding of these relationships will help design dietary guidelines that can help maintain good health by providing more effective dietary recommendations for individuals.…”

Food Security and Nutrition as the Neglected Missing Links in Cultural Evolution: The Role of the Sociotype

“…Diet is not only dominant over genetics in affecting the microbiome composition, it is also superior in predicting multiple host traits, such as blood glucose levels and obesity, raising the possibility of personalized nutrition. 63 , 78 …”

“…Diet is not only dominant over genetics in affecting the microbiome composition, it is also superior in predicting multiple host traits, such as blood glucose levels and obesity, raising the possibility of personalized nutrition. 63,78 Sociotype Relationships Domain Breast feeding and infantile nutrition have provided fertile ground for developmental theories of family dynamics, 83 human growth and drives, 84,85 and object relations, 86 postulating that the earliest influences are the longest and the strongest. Oxytocin is considered the social hormone, 70 and stimulation of its pathway may alleviate symptoms in an animal model of autism.…”

Nutrigenomics in livestock sector and its human-animal interface-a review

“…Most nutrigenomics studies have concentrated on human nutrition and its consequent effects on disease etiology ( Reddy, Palika, Ismail, Pullakhandam & Reddy, 2018 ). Studies of gene expression analysis are carried out in response to dietary regimens because the biochemical parameters depend on the particular gene transcripts ( Mierziak et al., 2021 ). In dairy cattle, the experiments are focused on milk yield and composition.…”