Influence of the 50 Hz magnetic field on the body color and the amount of urine of goldfish

Magnetic field effect on melanophores of the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) and vendace Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Salmonidae) during early embryogenesis

“…So far, studies targeting fish melanophores have involved magnetic fields of several hundred millitesla as well as several tesla (Wannitikul et al 1993;Testorf et al 2002;Sawaguchi et al 2003;Zagal`Skaya et al 2005;Gnyubkin & Maksimovich 2008). Among other problems, in vivo and in vitro effects of static magnetic fields were followed in, inter alia, eel (Anguilla anguilla), rainbow trout (Oncorchynchus mykiss) and trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta).…”

“…Exposure to 160-600-mT magnetic fields produced distinct changes in melanocytes, compared to the control (Wannitikul et al 1993). Magnetic field effects on colour change in the "goldfish" and on the amount of urine in the body were studied as well (Sawaguchi et al 2003). The amount of urine was found to decrease in the 62 mT-50 Hz magnetic field; fish body colouration was observed to change after more than 20 hours.…”

“…Effects of magnetic fields on fish chromatophores have also become a focus of attention. Effects of highintensity magnetic fields on melanophores were investigated in a number of black tetra Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Boulenger, goldfish Carassius auratus L., rainbow trout Oncorchynchus mykiss Walbaum, eel Anguilla anguilla L. and trout Salmo trutta m. trutta L. (Wannitikul et al 1993;Testorf et al 2002;Sawaguchi et al 2003). In black tetra, melanin in melanophores was found to disperse in the magnetic fields, while in experiments with rainbow trout, eel and trout, no such effect was observed.…”

The Effect of an Anthropogenic Magnetic Field on the Early Developmental Stages of Fishes—A Review

“…In the black tetra ( Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Boulenger, 1895), an MF of 14 T caused pigment aggregation in the cells, while a field of 8 T caused no such effect [ 52 ]. A time-varying MF (62 mT, 50 Hz) caused a delayed change of color in the goldfish aged less than 1 year after 20 h of exposure [ 53 ].…”

The effect of static magnetic field on melanophores in the sea trout (Salmo truttam.truttaLinnaeus, 1758) embryos and larvae

“…The effect of magnetic field on colour changes and amount of urine in the body of "goldfish" has also been studied. There is a decrease of urine production under the influence of 62 mT, 50 Hz magnetic field, and changes in the body colour after a 20-hour exposure have been observed (Sawaguchi et al 2003). Our previous experiments using magnetic field of lower intensity showed differences in the time of appearance of melanophores, their number and appearance, resulting from the degree of expansion of pigment in melanophores of embryos and larvae of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) and vendace (Coregonus albula L.) (Brysiewicz et al 2017).…”