Influence of the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak on the vaccination of children in a rural district of Guinea

Camara, Bienvenu Salim; Délamou, Alexandre; Diro, Ermias; Ayadi, AM El; Béavogui, Abdoul Habib; Sidibé, Sidikiba; Grovogui, Fassou Mathias; Takarinda, K. C.; Kolie, Delphin; Sandouno, SD; Okumura, Junko; Baldé, Mamadou Diouldé; Griensven, Johan van; Zachariah, Rony

doi:10.5588/pha.16.0120

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There was a signi cant decrease in the number of vaccine doses administered monthly for all antigens received during the Ebola outbreak (August-October 2018) as compared with the pre Ebola period (May-July 2018). Our results corroborate those found in several other countries affected by EVD [11,16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Disruptions of local health systems could lead to underreporting of other diseases leading to a second crisis that could negatively impact as many as persons as the original outbreak, if not more [9]. Several studies have described this phenomenon during the West African EVD outbreak, showing the movement of resources to response efforts were responsible for signi cant disruptions to the provision of routine health care [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Eastern Congo Ebola Outbreak on Child Health Services Delivery: Decline of Routine Child Immunization and Need for Vaccine Supplementation

Michel-Kabamba

Christophe-Luhata

Ngatu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background An Ebola disaster, the deadliest in the history of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is unfolding in North Kivu and Ituri provinces. An interdisciplinary research team investigated the impact of the Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreak on vital health services delivery under the coordination of DRC National Vaccination Program, Ministry of Health. We report on the impact of the ongoing Eastern Congo EVD outbreak on routine child immunization in the EVD-affected in North Kivu province, DRC. Methods This was a retrospective longitudinal study consisting in a time-trend analysis that was conducted in 40 public health facilities that organize routine child immunization in four of the 34 ‘Health Zones’ of the North Kivu province, namely Beni, Butembo, Katwa and Mabalako. Data were collected during two distinct 3-month periods: the “pre-Ebola period” (1 May through July 2018) and the “Ebola period” (1 August through October 2018), to compare the vaccination trends. Mean number of vaccine doses administered in pre-Ebola and Ebola periods were compared (unpaired t test). Results Compared to the “pre-Ebola period”, overall monthly mean vaccines uptake dropped during the “Ebola period”: BCG (157.1 ± 150.3 vs. 227.5 ± 138.4; p<0.0001), Oral polio (OPV: 505.1 ± 474.6 vs. 631.3 ± 353.9; p<0.001), Measles vaccine (147.6 ± 126.7 vs. 184.7 ± 102.5; p<0.001), pneumoccocal vaccine (PCV13: 445.8 ± 395.5 vs. 554.3 ± 299.8; p<0.001) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV: 183.9 ± 141 vs. 153.9 ± 146.6; p<0.01). Furthermore, when considering the trend in child immunization in each of the four Health Zones during ‘Ebola period’, vaccine uptake shrank considerably in most health zones, whereas a complete disruption of vaccine delivery was observed in Mabalako health zone where the epicenter of this outbreak is located. Conclusion The ongoing Ebola outbreak has a negative impact on child health services, routine vaccination in particular. Supplementary immunization coupled with the strengthening of routine child vaccination services should be implemented to address gaps in immunity among children in affected provinces and reduce the risk of other infectious diseases outbreaks. Keywords: Democratic Republic of Congo; Ebola virus disease; Child immunization; Outbreak.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Eastern Congo Ebola Outbreak on Child Health Services Delivery: Decline of Routine Child Immunization and Need for Vaccine Supplementation

Michel-Kabamba

Christophe-Luhata

Ngatu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…An unpublished study (Kamano et [14]. With the passing of the EVD outbreak that decreased utilization of health services in the country, child health indicators worsened over the years 2015-2016 [9,10]. The present finding therefore advocates for appropriate actions such as sustaining health coverage for under-five children for essential services like deworming campaigns, regardless of the epidemic context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…However, the 2012 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) reported that only 30% of children received dewormers during the previous six months [8]. This indicator might have worsened during the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak since routine health activities slowed down [9][10][11] and this could include community-based activities such as deworming campaigns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Acute Malnourished Children During Ebola at Ratoma Medical Center of Conakry, Guinea

Sidibé¹

2018

CAJPH

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Intestinal parasitic infections are particularly severe in children in whom they can lead to malnutrition and decreased resistance to infections. In Guinea, no study has examined the burden of intestinal parasitic infections among malnourished children, especially in the context of the Ebola outbreak. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among acute malnourished children at the Ratoma Communal Medical Center in Conakry in 2015. A 6-month cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2015 at the Ratoma Communal Medical Center of Conakry, Guinea. It included all children aged 6-36 months diagnosed with acute malnutrition, whose caregivers consented for the study. A total of 220 children suffering from acute malnutrition were included in the study. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the sample was 27%. Different parasitic species were identified in the infected children and included Ascaris lumbricoides (15%, n =33), Enterobius vermicularis (6%, n=13), Entamoeba coli (5%, n=11), and Taenia saginata (1%, n=3). Only children's age was associated with intestinal parasitic infections (AOR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.18-1.58). Household-based awareness-raising on under-five intestinal infections prevention along with deworming campaigns would constitute effective post-Ebola interventions toward the reduction of intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition burden in under-five children in Guinea.

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“…While efforts were on-going to sustain this strategy, the country experienced the longest and largest Ebola outbreak in history, which resulted in about 2,500 deaths nationwide and caused a detrimental effect on the health system [7][8][9][10][11][12]. As a result of community fear for contracting Ebola, health workers deaths or closure of health facilities, health facility attendance for ANC dropped during the outbreak, as well as for malaria since both malaria and Ebola have fever as a common symptom [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the 2014/2015 Ebola Outbreak on Malaria Management in Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study of an Ebola Affected and Unaffected Rural District of Guinea

Kolie¹

2019

CAJPH

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This study aimed to measure the effects of Ebola outbreak on antenatal care attendance and malaria management in pregnant women in Guinea. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural malaria-endemic health districts: on the epicentre of the West African Ebola outbreak (Guéckédou) and the other spared by Ebola (Koubia). Data were compared over similar periods of high malaria transmission before, during and after the Ebola outbreak. There were substantial declines in antenatal care visits in Guéckédou, from a monthly average number of 7,208 before the outbreak to 3,151 (57% decrease) during and 2,843 visits (61% decrease) after it while this indicator increased across the same periods in Koubia. In Guéckédou, the number of SP first doses provided dropped from 2,566 before the outbreak to 1,263 (51% decrease) during and 1,010 (61% decrease) after the Ebola outbreak (P < 0.001) while in Koubia, the decline was by 13% and 24% during and after the outbreak from an average number of 499 doses before it (P < 0.001). Fever cases increased by 43% and 38% during and after the outbreak respectively in Guéckédou and by 28% during and 11% after the outbreak in Koubia. Untreated malaria cases represented 11% and 12% of confirmed malaria cases during and after the outbreak respectively compared to 3% before it in Guéckédou, while in Koubia no untreated case was seen across these periods. There is need to uphold malaria services during future outbreaks.

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Influence of the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak on the vaccination of children in a rural district of Guinea

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of Eastern Congo Ebola Outbreak on Child Health Services Delivery: Decline of Routine Child Immunization and Need for Vaccine Supplementation

Impact of Eastern Congo Ebola Outbreak on Child Health Services Delivery: Decline of Routine Child Immunization and Need for Vaccine Supplementation

Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Acute Malnourished Children During Ebola at Ratoma Medical Center of Conakry, Guinea

Effects of the 2014/2015 Ebola Outbreak on Malaria Management in Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study of an Ebola Affected and Unaffected Rural District of Guinea

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