Influence of Temperature on Lithium–Oxygen Battery Behavior

Park, Jin Bum; Hassoun, Jusef; Jung, Hun‐Gi; Kim, Hee Soo; Yoon, Chong Seung; Oh, In Hwan; Scrosati, B.; Sun, Yang Kook

doi:10.1021/nl401439b

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[120][121][122] A drawback, still associated with the cathode and so far unsolved, is the low power capability of the cell, which is closely correlated to the low current densities attainable, typically on the order of 0.1 mA cm −2 . [ 75,94,123 ] Alternative, nanostructured carbon confi gurations, such as graphene, tubes, foams, and nanofi bers might bring a solution to this, since their large surface and high electronic conductivity are expected to enhance the kinetics of the electrochemical process, by providing an effective Li + fl ux and lower values of charge transfer resistance. [ 76,124 ] On the other hand, this approach may contribute to carbon .…”

Section: The Cathode Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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gas. At the same time, the penetration of renewable energy sources has opened up the possibility of creating a CO 2 -neutral mobility system, where electric vehicles are powered by wind, hydro, and solar energy.Broad fi nancial efforts are being made at a governmental and industrial level to fund research into new areas of energy storage. The U.S. Department of Energy has allocated $20 million to energy storage research in 2012 and $15 million the following year, while the German government has committed itself to ¤200 million between 2011 and 2018; [ 1 ] similar schemes are also being promoted in Japan by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The EU-backed "Horizon 2020" program aims at funding research into energy storage technologies, a fi eld where the European Union lags behind the U.S. and East Asia. [ 2 ] Lithium-ion technology has established itself as a type of reliable energy-storage chemistry over the past 20 years, fi rst being used in camcorders, then mobile phones, laptops, and more recently electric cars. However, as the size of the battery pack increases, so does the belief that the cost per kW h and its energy density are not suitable for practical vehicle applications. The Tesla Model S, which sports a 400 km driving range, does so with a whopping 85 kW h battery pack that alone has up to twice the price of a standard economy car. With a current cost higher than 400 $ kW h −1 , electric cars have so far only entered a niche, high-end market where users are willing to pay a premium. Resizing the battery pack, and so the total cost of an electric car, results in a limited driving range (typically 100-150 km) that automatically restricts the use for long-haul journeys and triggers the so-called "range anxiety" feeling. For these reasons, the need to develop energy-storage technologies that enable at least a 500 km driving range, while retaining the same battery pack volume at an affordable price, is of primary interest for governments and car manufacturers. A Brief History of Lithium/Air BatteriesOver the years, the scientifi c community has focused its interest on advanced lithium-ion and fuel cells with only incremental improvements being made. Lithium-ion technology in particular is predicted to reach an asymptotic limit in specifi c Lithium/air is a fascinating energy storage system. The effective exploitation of air as a battery electrode has been the long-time dream of the battery community. Air is, in principle, a no-cost material characterized by a very high specifi c capacity value. In the particular case of the lithium/air system, energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. It is then not surprising that, in the course of the last decade, great attention has been devoted to this battery by various top academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the Li/air electrochemical system. Although several breakthroughs have be...

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Section: The Cathode Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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“…This response has been shown to vary depending on an increasingly substantial list of parameters including: the O 2 pressure and purity in the system, 14,40,41 operating temperature, [42][43][44] …”

Section: 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Role of Electrolyte and Binders in Determining Discharge Product Morphology and Cycling Performance of Carbon Cathodes in Li-O₂Batteries

Geaney

O’Dwyer

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this report we examine the influence of electrode binder and electrolyte solvent on the electrochemical response of carbon based Li-O 2 battery cathodes. Much higher discharge capacities were noted for cathodes discharged in DMSO compared to TEGDME. The increased capacities were related to the large spherical discharge products formed in DMSO. Characteristic toroids which have been noted in TEGDME electrolytes previously were not observed due to the low water content of the electrolyte. Linear voltage sweeps were used to investigate ORR in both of the solvents for each of the binder systems (PVDF, PVP, PEO and PTFE) and related to the Li 2 O 2 formed on the cathode surfaces. Galvanostatic tests were also conducted in air as a comparison with the pure O 2 environment typically used for Li-O 2 battery testing. Interestingly, tests for the two electrolytes showed opposite trends in terms of discharge capacity values with capacities increased in TEGDME (compared to those seen in O 2 ) and decreased in DMSO. The report highlights the key roles of electrolyte and cathode composition in determining the stability of Li-O 2 batteries and highlights the importance of identifying more stable electrolyte/cathode pairings. Li-O 2 batteries are an exciting class of energy storage devices with exceptional theoretical capacities which could facilitate longrange electrical vehicles if fully optimized systems are realized. [1][2][3][4][5] Energy storage in Li-O 2 batteries proceeds via different mechanisms to those associated with conventional Li-ion batteries, necessitating detailed studies into the fundamental processes associated with discharge and charge.6-8 It has been shown in a number of studies that the energy storage mechanism for Li-O 2 batteries involves the reversible formation/decomposition of Li 2 O 2 upon discharge and charge respectively.9-13 While the O 2 required to form Li 2 O 2 during discharge can theoretically be provided from ambient air, the majority of systems investigated to date have used pure O 2 to avoid unwanted side-reactions due to the ingress of atmospheric CO 2 and H 2 O.14,15 The formation of parasitic by-products in Li-O 2 batteries (which have been found to form extensively on charging due to cathode and electrolyte instabilities) is a major hurdle to their widespread implementation. 16,17 The nature of Li 2 O 2 (i.e morphology, crystallinity, size and location on the cathode) formed during discharge, and its impact on capacity, cycle life and charging behavior has attracted recent research interest.18-20 A number of reports have presented the formation of Li 2 O 2 toroids on cathode surfaces during discharge in a variety of cathode/electrolyte systems. 7,8,12,19,[21][22][23][24][25] Adams et al. showed that the formation of these toroids was related to the applied current for a given system (TEGDME/LiTFSI electrolyte and Super P carbon cathode). 26Their results suggested that low applied currents tend to favor the formation of large crystalline Li 2 O 2 toroids on the cathode surface with ...

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“…,48 Previous studies 49 also23 have reported that high temperature might favor charge transport through Li 2 O 2 , especially at low current densities, and yield high discharge capacity. Although this mechanism is not addressed in the present work, it can be incorporated into our mesoscale model in the future by coupling the appropriate governing equations for charge transport through Li 2 O 2 .Figure 13.…”

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“…47 However, an increase in temperature can significantly increase O 2 diffusivity in electrolytes. For example, it has been reported that the O 2 diffusivity in TEGDME solvent follows the relationship to temperature as: 48 Here, ‫ܦ‬ ଶଽ଼ is the O 2 diffusivity at 298 K, and ‫ܦ‬ ் is the O 2 diffusivity at temperature ܶ. Figure 13 shows the calculated discharge curves for TEGDME solvent at four different temperatures: 283, 298, 323, and 343 K, respectively.…”

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Discharge Performance of Li–O₂ Batteries Using a Multiscale Modeling Approach

Bao

Bhattacharya

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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To study the discharge performance of Li-O 2 batteries, we propose a multiscale modeling framework that links models in an upscaling fashion from nanoscale to mesoscale and finally to device scale. We have effectively reconstructed the microstructures of a Li-O 2 air electrode in silico, conserving the porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, and pore size distribution of the real air electrode structure. The mechanism of rate-dependent morphology of Li 2 O 2 growth is incorporated into the mesoscale model. The correlation between the activesurface-to-volume ratio and averaged Li 2 O 2 concentration is derived to link different scales. The proposed approach's accuracy is first demonstrated by comparing the predicted discharge curves of Li-O 2 batteries with experimental results at the high current density. Next, the validated modeling approach effectively captures the significant improvement in discharge capacity due to the formation of Li 2 O 2 particles. Finally, it predicts the discharge capacities of Li-O 2 batteries with different air electrode microstructure designs and operating conditions.

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Influence of Temperature on Lithium–Oxygen Battery Behavior

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

Examining the Role of Electrolyte and Binders in Determining Discharge Product Morphology and Cycling Performance of Carbon Cathodes in Li-O₂Batteries

Discharge Performance of Li–O₂ Batteries Using a Multiscale Modeling Approach

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Influence of Temperature on Lithium–Oxygen Battery Behavior

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

Examining the Role of Electrolyte and Binders in Determining Discharge Product Morphology and Cycling Performance of Carbon Cathodes in Li-O2Batteries

Discharge Performance of Li–O2 Batteries Using a Multiscale Modeling Approach

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Product

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Examining the Role of Electrolyte and Binders in Determining Discharge Product Morphology and Cycling Performance of Carbon Cathodes in Li-O₂Batteries

Discharge Performance of Li–O₂ Batteries Using a Multiscale Modeling Approach