Influence of temperature and residence time in the pyrolysis of woody biomass waste in a continuous screw reactor

Solar, Jon; Marco, I. de; Caballero, B.M.; López-Urionabarrenechea, Alexander; Rodríguez, N.; Agirre, Ion; Adrados, A.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.07.004

Cited by 114 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Aysu et al [14] asserted that the reason of the reduction of liquid products into gaseous products at higher pyrolysis temperatures is thought to be the formation of secondary cracking reactions of the organic molecules that form the pyrolysis vapors. The same authors observed in a former publication that the reduction of solid yield in favor of gas yield at 900 • C can be explained by Boudouard (C + CO 2 = 2 CO) and water-gas reactions (H 2 O + C = H 2 + CO), occurring in the pores and on the surface of the solid between the charcoal and the vapor phase [13].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Yieldsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The schematic drawing of the experimental unit with its main components is shown in Figure 3. A detailed description of the reactors used for this study is shown in a previous work published by the authors [13].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charcoal, alongside bio-oil and gases, is the product of biomass pyrolysis reaction, which consists of the thermal breakdown of organic matter under the action of heat and in the absence of an oxidizing medium. The amount and quality of the three different fractions obtained during the pyrolysis of biomass depends on the raw materials [6][7][8] as well as the pyrolysis operating parameters, such as presence of catalyst [9,10], heating rate [11], peak temperature [12][13][14], residence time [13,15,16], pressure [17][18][19], and so forth [20,21]. Nonetheless, the production of charcoal through pyrolysis technology is not very widespread due to economic constraints, and is only substantially utilized It can be observed that the pre-reduced 44Ni catalyst had clearly the highest surface area (99.3 m 2 g −1 ), followed by the 16NiO catalyst (29.0 m 2 g −1 ), while the 18NiO catalyst had a significantly Catalysts 2018, 8,191 3 of 18 lower surface area (11.5 m 2 g −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Charcoal Production Process from Woody Biomass Waste: Effect of Ni-Containing Catalysts on Pyrolysis Vapors

et al. 2018

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Woody biomass waste (Pinus radiata) coming from forestry activities has been pyrolyzed with the aim of obtaining charcoal and, at the same time, a hydrogen-rich gas fraction. The pyrolysis has been carried out in a laboratory scale continuous screw reactor, where carbonization takes place, connected to a vapor treatment reactor, at which the carbonization vapors are thermo-catalytically treated. Different peak temperatures have been studied in the carbonization process (500-900 • C), while the presence of different Ni-containing catalysts in the vapor treatment has been analyzed. Low temperature pyrolysis produces high liquid and solid yields, however, increasing the temperature progressively up to 900 • C drastically increases gas yield. The amount of nickel affects the vapors treatment phase, enhancing even further the production of interesting products such as hydrogen and reducing the generated liquids to very low yields. The gases obtained at very high temperatures (700-900 • C) in the presence of Ni-containing catalysts are rich in H 2 and CO, which makes them valuable for energy production, as hydrogen source, producer gas or reducing agent.in countries which combine a reliable biomass supply and a steelmaking industrial fabric, such as Brazil [22].Aiming to make the process of obtaining charcoal from biomass more sustainable and profitable, an essential aspect to investigate is the use of the derivate co-products, gas and liquids [23][24][25]. If charcoal production is carried out at very high temperatures (700-1000 • C) and slow heating rates (carbonization), the process yields more gas than liquid fraction, and the properties of the gas are more promising than those of the liquid fraction, which is mainly composed of tars and water [26]. Therefore, the objective of optimization of charcoal production must focus on maximizing the production of gas together with the reduction of the generated tars and water, in order to obtain a large quantity of clean gas with high added value, as it happens in gasification.Many studies [27][28][29] indicate that achieving complete removal of the tars only by heat treatment is very difficult; however, elimination of tars in biomass gasification processes through the use of catalysts at high temperatures is a widespread accepted technique. Therefore, the alternative that is intended to investigate in this paper is the combination of thermal and catalytic treatment, called catalytic cracking. As thermal cracking, catalytic cracking requires high temperatures; however, catalytic cracking is performed by an ionic mechanism (heterolytic breakdown), which allows to work at a lower temperature than conventional thermal cracking would require.Nickel-based catalysts are the most frequently used catalysts in the majority of the applications concerning biomass thermo-chemical processing [17,[30][31][32]. There are many bibliographic references which demonstrate that Ni-catalysts promote tar cracking [33][34][35][36], improve the hydrogen gas yield [17,37] and present deoxygenation ...

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Section: Pyrolysis Yieldsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Pyrolysis Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Charcoal Production Process from Woody Biomass Waste: Effect of Ni-Containing Catalysts on Pyrolysis Vapors

et al. 2018

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“…Pyro oil yields of up to 35% have been obtained by various authors [6] while fast pyrolysis yields have reached up to 75% [5]. Other authors have studied the effects of temperature on pyrolysis oil yields [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Kinetics of the Arid Land Biomass Halophyte Salicornia Bigelovii and Phoenix Dactylifera Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

2018

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Biomass availability in arid regions is challenging due to limited arable land and lack of fresh water. In this study, we focus on pyrolysis of two biomasses that are typically abundant agricultural biomasses in arid regions, focusing on understanding the reaction rates and Arrhenius kinetic parameters that describe the pyrolysis reactions of halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and co-pyrolysis biomass using thermo-gravimetric analysis under non-isothermal conditions. The mass loss data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis of S. bigelovii and date palm revealed the reaction rate peaked between 592 K and 612 K for P. dactylifera leaves and 588 K and 609 K for S. bigelovii at heating rates, 5 K/min, 10 K/min and 15 K/min during the active pyrolysis phase. The activation energy for S. bigelovii and P. dactylifera leaves during this active pyrolysis phase were estimated using the Kissinger method as 147.6 KJ/mol and 164.7 KJ/mol respectively with pre-exponential factors of 3.13 × 10 9 /min and 9.55 × 10 10 /min for the respective biomasses. Other isoconversional models such as the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa were used to determine these kinetic parameters during other phases of the pyrolysis reaction and gave similar results.

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“…The percentage fixed carbon of the fuel materials from each tree species were evaluated using empirical formula, by subtracting the aggregate moisture, ash and volatile matter contents of each sample material from 100 similar to the method adopted by Solar, et al [23] and Álvarez-Álvarez, et al [24]. This is expressed as shown in equation 4.…”

Section: Fixed Carbon Content Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fuel Material Compositions on Combustion Properties of Wood Chips from Smallhold Farm Plots in a Sudano-Sahelian Environment of Nigeria

Sotannde

Dadile

Umar

et al. 2020

CJAST

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Aims:The study explored the combustion properties of woods and barks of some selected trees and the mixtures of the two in order to map out how fuel material composition affect the combustion properties of biomass materials. Study Design: The study is a two-factor factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. The main factors are the tree species and fuel material types. Place and Duration of Study: Tree samples used for this study were coppiced stems harvested from smallhold farm plots along the Damaturu -Gujba fuelwood corridors in Yobe State. The analytical study was carried out in Wood and Fibre CJAST, 39(2): 93-104, 2020; Article no.CJAST.54680 94 Methodology: Ten tree species were used for this study. Each species was replicated 3-times, making a total of 30 stems with their dbh between 10 and 15 cm. A sample billet of 20 cm log was cut from each stem at 10 cm below and above dbh. Each billet was debarked, chipped separately and dried to approximately 12% moisture content. From the chips, 100% wood, 95%W-5%B, 90%W-10%B and 100% bark fuel material samples were created, grinded with mechanical grinder and sieved to approximately 0.4 mm particle size based on ASTM D2013-86. The sieved samples obtained were then analyzed for their percentage moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash and gross calorific values using ASTM standard methods. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of variance from which % variance component and LSD were computed α = 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance. Results: All the measured parameters varied significantly among the tree species and the compositions of the fuel materials obtained from them. Majority of the variation in the fuelwood properties were attributed to the composition of the fuel materials obtained from the trees rather than the species they were made of. On the average, moisture content of the samples ranged from 27.66 to 40.44%, volatile matter (61.38 to 75.11%), ash (0.52 to 2.42%), fixed carbon (24.19 to 36.20%) and gross calorific value (32.99 to 33.02 MJ.kg -1 ). The moisture and ash contents of the fuel materials obtained from all the tree species increased with the level of bark inclusion whereas, volatile matter content and gross calorific values decreased significantly with level of bark inclusion (P < 0.05). Also, gross calorific value of the fuel materials correlates positively with volatile matter and fixed carbon contents. But, correlate negatively with moisture and ash contents. Among the studied tree species, chips obtained from A. leiocarpus had the highest energy value, followed by C. arereh and B. aegyptiaca while P. reticulatum, A. sieberiana and C. lamprocarpum had the least energy value in that order. Conclusion: Based on their energy value and ash content, minimizing the bark content in wood chips is important from energy and environment point of view. Therefore, chips with 100% wood and those with 5% bark inclusions are recommended for heat generation. Original Research Article

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Influence of temperature and residence time in the pyrolysis of woody biomass waste in a continuous screw reactor

Cited by 114 publications

References 31 publications

Optimization of Charcoal Production Process from Woody Biomass Waste: Effect of Ni-Containing Catalysts on Pyrolysis Vapors

Optimization of Charcoal Production Process from Woody Biomass Waste: Effect of Ni-Containing Catalysts on Pyrolysis Vapors

Pyrolysis Kinetics of the Arid Land Biomass Halophyte Salicornia Bigelovii and Phoenix Dactylifera Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

Effect of Fuel Material Compositions on Combustion Properties of Wood Chips from Smallhold Farm Plots in a Sudano-Sahelian Environment of Nigeria

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