Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Survival and Development of the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides Felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

Silverman, Jules; Rust, Michael Κ.; Reierson, Donald A.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/18.1.78

Cited by 96 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…These studies have shown that flea egg and larval survival and development times increase with greater soil relative humidity (range ϭ 33-92%), and that dry soils (relative humidity Ͻ33%) are lethal to the larvae. 30 Flea reproductive success in the wild requires microsites with a relative humidity Ͼ 50%, and temperatures between 4ЊC and 35ЊC, 31 conditions that are commonly achieved in soils given sufficient precipitation. The ecology of cat fleas, however, differs from that of other flea species that typically transmit plague; e.g., cat fleas lay eggs in more exposed sites instead of rodent burrows, and do not occur in most plague-enzootic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of plague associated with increased winter-spring precipitation in New Mexico.

Parmenter¹,

Yadav²,

Parmenter³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

195

197

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Abstract. Plague occurs episodically in many parts of the world, and some outbreaks appear to be related to increased abundance of rodents and other mammals that serve as hosts for vector fleas. Climate dynamics may influence the abundance of both fleas and mammals, thereby having an indirect effect on human plague incidence. An understanding of the relationship between climate and plague could be useful in predicting periods of increased risk of plague transmission. In this study, we used correlation analyses of 215 human cases of plague in relation to precipitation records from 1948 to 1996 in areas of New Mexico with history of human plague cases (38 cities, towns, and villages). We conducted analyses using 3 spatial scales: global (El Niño-Southern Oscillation Indices [SOI]); regional (pooled state-wide precipitation averages); and local (precipitation data from weather stations near plague case sites). We found that human plague cases in New Mexico occurred more frequently following winterspring periods (October to May) with above-average precipitation (mean plague years ϭ 113% of normal rain/ snowfall), resulting in 60% more cases of plague in humans following wet versus dry winter-spring periods. However, we obtained significant results at local level only; regional state-wide precipitation averages and SOI values exhibited no significant correlations to incidence of human plague cases. These results are consistent with our hypothesis of a trophic cascade in which increased winter-spring precipitation enhances small mammal food resource productivity (plants and insects), leading to an increase in the abundance of plague hosts. In addition, moister climate conditions may act to promote flea survival and reproduction, also enhancing plague transmission. Finally, the result that the number of human plague cases in New Mexico was positively associated with higher than normal winter-spring precipitation at a local scale can be used by physicians and public health personnel to identify and predict periods of increased risk of plague transmission to humans.Global climate dynamics are proposed by some to be responsible for recent outbreaks of infectious diseases, and others warn that long-term global warming could increase the risks of acquiring such diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of plague associated with increased winter-spring precipitation in New Mexico.

Parmenter¹,

Yadav²,

Parmenter³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

195

197

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The different climatic conditions in these areas, particularly with regard to temperature and humidity, may interfere with the biological cycles of the fleas in the two regions. Temperatures above 35 °C and below 3 °C and relative humidity less than 33% reduce the population of fleas in the environment (SILVERMANN et al, 1981;RUST, 1983). During the rainy season in Nanuque, the temperature is high (31 to 34 °C) and may not benefit the fleas, which are more prevalent in the dry season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of ectoparasites on dogs in rural regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Costa

Rembeck

Mendonça

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The present study examined occurrences of ectoparasites and identified them on dogs in rural regions in Brazil, and assessed the influence of climate on these parasites. Ectoparasites were randomly collected from 194 dogs living on farms located in Lavras (n = 92) and Nanuque (n = 102) during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, the same dogs in Lavras (n = 71) and Nanuque (n = 66) were resampled. During the experiment, fleas, ticks, lice and fly larvae were collected. The flea species Ctenocephalides felis was the most common ectoparasite collected from these dogs. The main tick species that infested the dogs in rural areas of Nanuque and Lavras was Amblyomma cajennense. In Lavras, the dogs had high levels of flea infestation (80.4 and 88.7% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and low levels of tick infestation (19.6 and 28.2% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively), without any significant differences in infestation rates between the seasons. In Nanuque, moderate levels of flea infestation (68.6 and 43.9% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and A. cajennense (65.7 and 47.0% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) were observed, with significantly lower prevalence in the rainy season (p < 0.05). The presence of ectoparasites was evident at both times of the year, but the different temperatures may have influenced the occurrences of parasites in Lavras and Nanuque.Keywords: Ectoparasites, tick, fleas, dog, rural regions, Brazil. ResumoO presente estudo examinou a ocorrência e identificação de ectoparasitas em cães de áreas rurais no Brasil, e a influência do clima sobre esses parasitas. Ectoparasitas foram aleatoriamente coletados de 194 cães provenientes de fazendas localizadas em Lavras (n = 92) e Nanuque (n = 102) durante o período seco. No período chuvoso subsequente, os mesmos cães de Lavras (n = 71) e Nanuque (n = 66) foram re-amostrados. Durante o experimento, pulgas, carrapatos, piolhos e larvas de diptera foram coletados. A espécie de pulga Ctenocephalides felis foi o ectoparasita mais comumente encontrado desses cães. A principal espécie de carrapato que infestava os cães nas áreas rurais de Nanuque e Lavras foi Amblyomma cajennense. Em Lavras, os cães tinham altos níveis de infestação de pulgas (80,4 e 88,7% nas estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) e baixos níveis de infestação por carrapatos (19,6 e 28,2% nas estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente), não sendo observada diferença significativa nas taxas de infestação entre as estações. Em Nanuque, níveis moderados de infestação por pulgas (68,6 e 43,9% nas estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) e A. cajennense (65,7 e 47,0% na estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) foram observadas, com prevalência significativamente menor na estação chuvosa (p < 0,05). A presença de ectoparasitas foi evidente em ambas as épocas do ano, mas as diferentes temperaturas poderiam ter influenciado a ocorrência de parasitas em Lavras e Nanuque.

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“…Les résultats obtenus à partir de C. f. felis (Dryden, 1989 ;Silverman et al, 1991 ;Franc, 1998) indiquent que la durée de vie des individus à jeun des deux sousespèces de C. felis est semblable, quelle que soit la température. À 27 °c par exemple, Silverman et al (1991) ont montré que C. f. felis a un taux de survie de 10 %, six jours après l'émergence des adultes.…”

Section: Survie De C F Strongylus à Différentes Températuresunclassified

Influence de la température sur le développement de la puce africaine du chatCtenocephalides felis strongylus(Jordan, 1925) (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae)

2010

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Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Survival and Development of the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides Felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Incidence of plague associated with increased winter-spring precipitation in New Mexico.

Incidence of plague associated with increased winter-spring precipitation in New Mexico.

Occurrence of ectoparasites on dogs in rural regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Influence de la température sur le développement de la puce africaine du chatCtenocephalides felis strongylus(Jordan, 1925) (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae)

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