Influence of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides on soil health and soil microbiology

Tripathi, S. N.; Srivastava, Pratap; Devi, Rajkumari Sanayaima; Bhadouria, Rahul

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-103017-2.00002-7

Cited by 112 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…With the recognition of the vast microbial diversity in soils and their functional importance came the realization that conventional agricultural techniques are often harmful to the balance of the native soil and root microbial communities. For example, pesticides were found to negatively impact bacterial diversity and nitrification rates [ 56 ] and synthetic fertilizer is known to suppress long-lasting relationships between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria [ 57 ]. Furthermore, native root-associated bacteria were shown to save a plant from sudden-wilt disease [ 58 ], and soil microbes have been found to display varying abilities to confer drought tolerance [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Harvest on Switchgrass Leaf Microbial Communities

Singer

Carpenter

Bonnette

et al. 2021

Genes

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Switchgrass is a promising feedstock for biofuel production, with potential for leveraging its native microbial community to increase productivity and resilience to environmental stress. Here, we characterized the bacterial, archaeal and fungal diversity of the leaf microbial community associated with four switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) genotypes, subjected to two harvest treatments (annual harvest and unharvested control), and two fertilization levels (fertilized and unfertilized control), based on 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing. Leaf surface and leaf endosphere bacterial communities were significantly different with Alphaproteobacteria enriched in the leaf surface and Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli enriched in the leaf endosphere. Harvest treatment significantly shifted presence/absence and abundances of bacterial and fungal leaf surface community members: Gammaproteobacteria were significantly enriched in harvested and Alphaproteobacteria were significantly enriched in unharvested leaf surface communities. These shifts were most prominent in the upland genotype DAC where the leaf surface showed the highest enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria, including taxa with 100% identity to those previously shown to have phytopathogenic function. Fertilization did not have any significant impact on bacterial or fungal communities. We also identified bacterial and fungal taxa present in both the leaf surface and leaf endosphere across all genotypes and treatments. These core taxa were dominated by Methylobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Curtobacterium, in addition to Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Dothideales. Local core leaf bacterial and fungal taxa represent promising targets for plant microbe engineering and manipulation across various genotypes and harvest treatments. Our study showcases, for the first time, the significant impact that harvest treatment can have on bacterial and fungal taxa inhabiting switchgrass leaves and the need to include this factor in future plant microbial community studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Harvest on Switchgrass Leaf Microbial Communities

Singer

Carpenter

Bonnette

et al. 2021

Genes

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“…Without the implementation of such a type of system, world food production could have not increased at the rate it did and more natural ecosystems would have been converted to agriculture [3]. However, this has come with a cost in terms of environmental degradation [34][35][36][37][38], reducing biodiversity and all its related ecosystem services [30][31][32]34]. Hence, the challenge of agriculture today is to contribute to current and future food security with the implementation of more sustainable and resilient practices [39,40].…”

Section: Sequential Cropping In a Changing Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Sequential Cropping and Biogasdoneright™ in Enhancing the Sustainability of Agricultural Systems in Europe

Magnolo

Dekker²,

Decorte³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Sequential cropping in the Biogasdoneright™ (BDR™) system in Italy has recently gained attention to combine food and renewable energy production in a sustainable way, as well as for carbon sequestration. However, little is known on the potential to expand the practice in other regions of Europe. In this paper, sequential crop calendars were developed for different EU climate regions, and the EU biomethane potential of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sequential crops was estimated for a Conservative_Scenario and a Maximum_Scenario, assuming different percentages of primary crop land dedicated to the practice and biogas yields. A total EU biomethane potential of 46 bcm/yr and 185 bcm/yr was estimated from the AD of sequential crops in the two scenarios, respectively, and the Continental region registered the highest potential compared to the other regions. The additional benefits of the combination of sequential cropping with other agricultural conservation practices and digestate use included in BDR™ systems were also discussed. In conclusion, the paper shows that with appropriate innovations in crop management, sequential cropping could be applied in different agroclimatic regions of Europe, contributing to climate and renewable energy targets.

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“…Soil quality defines whether soils are in good condition containing a balanced amount of humus for current use that is also referred to as 'soil health' (Tripathi et al, 2020). The physical (porous, compaction, chemical (pH value) and biological (bacteria and earthworms) characteristics of different soils vary a greatly so different soils are suited to different uses.…”

Section: Soil Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%