Influence of surfactant and annealing temperature on optical properties of sol–gel derived nano-crystalline TiO2 thin films

Effect of the Added Polyethylene Glycol Molecular Weight and Calcination Heating Rate on the Morphology of TiO₂ Films Formed by Sol-Gel

“…1) Several approaches have been taken to improve the optical and re ectivity properties of Si for use in solar cells. [2][3][4][5] Coating the Si wafer with anti-re ective materials is one way to reduce their re ectivity. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin lms have been widely used as an anti-re ective coating for Si solar cells due to their transparency and suitable refractive index of nearly 2.…”

“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin lms have been widely used as an anti-re ective coating for Si solar cells due to their transparency and suitable refractive index of nearly 2. [3][4][5] The anti-re ective nature depends on several factors, such as the phase, lm thickness, pore size and porosity. [3][4][5][6][7] Among the different TiO 2 phases, anatase was found to be appropriate for anti-re ective applications because it has a wider band gap and lower refractive index compared to those of rutile.…”

“…[3][4][5] The anti-re ective nature depends on several factors, such as the phase, lm thickness, pore size and porosity. [3][4][5][6][7] Among the different TiO 2 phases, anatase was found to be appropriate for anti-re ective applications because it has a wider band gap and lower refractive index compared to those of rutile. 6) Yoldas and Partlow also reported the in uence of porosity on the anti-re ective properties, where the refractive index could be reduced to close 2, minimizing light re ection.…”

“…7) However, there exists an optimal pore size range (2-50 nm), where larger pores could cause undesirable light scattering within the lm. 4) Several processing methods have been employed to prepare thin TiO 2 lms, including chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition and evaporation. However, these methods yield relatively dense lms and are dif cult to control the porosity.…”

Controlled synthesis and electrical conduction properties of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles via the polyol method

“…In the open literature, variety of techniques of oxides preparation in powder or thin film have been presented. Among these techniques one can cite the hydrothermal technique [16], the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [17], the co-precipitation [18], the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) [19], the spray pyrolysis [20,21], the sol-gel methods [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and the conventional polyol method [32,33]. Among these methods, an example of this is the polyol & R. Bargougui bargougui_radhwane@yahoo.fr method developed by Fievet et al [34,35] for preparation of metal particles.…”