Influence of surface finish and composition on the deterioration of building stones exposed to acid atmospheres

Vázquez, Patricia; Carrizo, L.; Thomachot-Schneider, Céline; Gibeaux, Soizic; Alonso, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.125

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This increase in the b* value due to acid attack on limestone was also described by Grossi et al (2007), although according to these authors its implications on the esthetics of the rock were almost unnoticeable. Vázquez et al (2016) reported very similar behavior to that observed in this study, finding that the total color difference (ΔE*) was also unappreciable. For their part, Urosevic et al (2010) and Benavente et al (2003) observed that the polished finish underwent more changes than the rough finish (the H finish in this study), showing an increase in lightness and a fall in the chromatic parameters.…”

Section: Measuring the Differences In The Chromatic And Roughness Parameterssupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of Surface Finishes and a Calcium Phosphate-Based Consolidant on the Decay of Sedimentary Building Stones Due to Acid Attack

et al. 2020

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Natural stone has long been used as a building material because of its physical-mechanical resistance and its esthetic appeal. However, over the last century increasing industrial activity has produced more acidic environments, such as polluted urban areas, that can cause serious damage to many buildings and historic monuments, and in particular those made with carbonate rocks, which are most prone to decay. In order to mitigate the physicochemical processes that degrade these buildings, a number of phosphate-based consolidants have been developed, which are highly compatible with the carbonated substrate. Research about the role of the surface and its different possible finishes in the transmission of the agents that damage or protect the stone would therefore be very useful, both when choosing the most suitable stone for new constructions and when restoring historic buildings. The main objective of this research was to determine whether the roughness of three types of surface finish (sawcut, honed and bush-hammered) influences the durability of four types of natural stone (two calcarenites, one travertine and one sandstone) widely used in Andalusia (Spain). The efficacy of a calcium phosphate-based consolidant as a mitigator of deterioration in polluted urban environments was also studied and to this end the physical properties of untreated and treated samples were measured and compared. The samples were exposed to artificial atmospheres with SO 2 pollution in order to assess the damage caused to each surface finish.The results indicate that all the surface finishes were vulnerable to the decay caused by acidic atmospheres, although the saw-cut finish was less affected, perhaps because it did not require additional industrial processing. The mineral composition and texture of the rocks were critical factors in terms of the amount and type of decay they suffered, and the travertine and sandstone were more resistant to deterioration than the calcarenites. Similarly, the pore system of each rock was decisive in the penetration of the consolidant. Application of the consolidant improved the behavior of the treated samples by making them more resistant to acid attack without significantly altering the water vapor permeability, the color or the roughness of the surface.

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Section: Measuring the Differences In The Chromatic And Roughness Parameterssupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of Surface Finishes and a Calcium Phosphate-Based Consolidant on the Decay of Sedimentary Building Stones Due to Acid Attack

et al. 2020

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“…The acidified solution in each tank was a mixture of tap water, HNO3 and H2SO4. Similar acid solution (H2SO4+HNO3+H2O) and (H2SO3+HNO3+H2O) were also used in [15] and [17], respectively while [18] and [23] adopted a sulphuric acid solution (H2SO4+ H2O) and a nitric acid solution (HNO3+H2O), respectively in their studies. It was further reported in [17] that the HNO3 present in the acid solution acted as a catalyser of the H2SO3 reaction, while the presence of H2SO4 caused more damage [18].…”

Section: Test Specimens and Accelerated Wetting-drying Cycles (Wdc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar acid solution (H2SO4+HNO3+H2O) and (H2SO3+HNO3+H2O) were also used in [15] and [17], respectively while [18] and [23] adopted a sulphuric acid solution (H2SO4+ H2O) and a nitric acid solution (HNO3+H2O), respectively in their studies. It was further reported in [17] that the HNO3 present in the acid solution acted as a catalyser of the H2SO3 reaction, while the presence of H2SO4 caused more damage [18]. The acidified solution used in each tank was a mixture of 40.5 mL of 1.0M, HNO3, 27 mL of 1.0 M, H2SO4 and 27 L of H2O (tap water).…”

Section: Test Specimens and Accelerated Wetting-drying Cycles (Wdc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the standard EN 13919:2002 [16] provides test method for intensive acid attack on stone, researchers used varied test procedures to simulate test environment appropriate for the prevalent local conditions. In-fact, [17], [15], [18] used 3 weeks; 1, 3, 7 and 14 days; and 5 days periodic wetting, respectively in their research. The periodic wetting does not truly reflect the situation experienced by the cladding panels in the real environment, as rainwater or cleaning water seldom deposits on the panel surface except as droplets due to localised imperfections on the panel surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexural Strength of Weathered Granites Under Wetting – Drying Cycles: Implications to Steel Structures

2019

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Deterioration of stone veneer cladding panels due to environmental weathering can lead to expensive restoration work, serious risks from falling debris and compromises the performance of high -rise steel and concrete structures. The influence of wettingdrying cycles (WDC) on the flexural tensile strength of thin granite cladding panels is investigated. Forty -five specimens of Imperial Black, Calca and Grandee type Australian granite panels were used in the experimental program. Total 15 specimens served as control reference, while 30 specimens were subjected to 100 WDC in two separate stages. The wetting cycles were conducted in contact with tapwater and acidified solution of pH ≈ 4.5, while the drying cycles were conducted using a controlled drying chamber at 40 o C. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and flexural tensile strength of the control, and weathered specimens were measured after the 50th and 100th weathering cycle of WDC. It was noticed that the thin granite cladding panels experienced limited flexu ral strength reduction accompanied by changes in UPV and weight loss. A correlation between flexural strength and UPV of the unweathered and weathered WDC specimens is proposed which can be useful in on-site assessment of granite cladding panels during the service life of the primary steel structure.

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“…In addition, the stress strength factor and the stress strength coefficient of quartz materials are influenced by deionized water, HCl, NaOH, and other acids and bases [3]. e chemical atmospheres may cause damage to all types of stones, especially calcite stones, and the effect of acid atmospheres is related with porosity [4]. In the chemical environment, the mineral components in rocks tend to react with solutions, via complex processes and mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Pore Structure Deterioration of Sandstones under Freeze‐Thaw Cycles and Chemical Erosion

Kaunda

Zhu

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The issue of rock deterioration in chemical environments has drawn much attention in recent years in the rock engineering community. In this study, a series of 30 freeze-thaw cycling tests are conducted on sandstone samples soaked in H2SO4 solution and in pure water, prior to the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on the rock specimens. The porosity of the sandstone, the distribution of transverse relaxation time T2, and the NMR images are acquired after each freeze-thaw cycle. The pore size distribution curves of the sandstone after freeze-thaw cycles, four categories of pore scale, and the features of freeze-thaw deterioration for pores of different sizes in H2SO4 solution and pure water are established. The result shows that, with the influence of the acid environment and the freeze-thaw cycles, the mass of the samples largely deteriorates. As the freeze-thaw cycles increase, the porosity of rocks increases approximately linearly. The distribution of the NMR T2 develops gradually from 4 peaks to 5 or even to 6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dynamically displays the process of the freeze-thaw deterioration of the microstructure inside the sandstones under acid conditions. The results also show pore expansion in rocks under the coupling effects of chemistry and the freeze-thaw cycles, which differ largely from the freeze-thaw deterioration of the rock specimens placed in pure water.

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Influence of surface finish and composition on the deterioration of building stones exposed to acid atmospheres

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Influence of Surface Finishes and a Calcium Phosphate-Based Consolidant on the Decay of Sedimentary Building Stones Due to Acid Attack

Influence of Surface Finishes and a Calcium Phosphate-Based Consolidant on the Decay of Sedimentary Building Stones Due to Acid Attack

Flexural Strength of Weathered Granites Under Wetting – Drying Cycles: Implications to Steel Structures

Experimental Study of the Pore Structure Deterioration of Sandstones under Freeze‐Thaw Cycles and Chemical Erosion

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