Influence of Surface Energy in the Osteogenesis Process of Treated Titanium Surfaces

Abstract

In the 1960’s, Brånemark and colleagues developed a dental implant system using a direct attachment to bone structure without generating soft tissue. This phenomenon called osseointegration involves biomechanical behavior of materials. In several studies it has been verified that the surface treatment on titanium implant has been the main factor for the osteogenesis process and, consequently, osseointegration [1, 2, 3]. Treated titanium surfaces have better conditions for cell adhesion that can lead to load application in the shortest time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface energy and the cell osteogenesis on titanium discs under different conditions of blasting and acid attack. Osteoblastic cells Hfob 1.19 were used to measure cell culture parameters like cell viability and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Osteogenesis cell was defined through a mathematical model proposed by a similitude in engineering with osteogenic parameters analyzed in culture cells. Fowkes Theory was used to calculate the surface energy by measuring contact angles between liquid sensors (Deionized Water, Chloroform) on different titanium surfaces. Significant difference (P < 0,01) was observed for surface energies ranging between 26,76 a 33,81 mJ/m^2 using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. It was noted that the highest surface energies are related with osteogenesis levels.