Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners

Gesch, C. Bernard; Hammond, Seán; Hampson, Sarah E.; Eves, Anita; Crowder, Martin

doi:10.1192/bjp.181.1.22

Cited by 376 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, controlled clinical trials in treatment-resistant depression (Nemets et al, 2002;Peet and Horrobin, 2002a, b), bipolar depression (Keck et al, 2006), bipolar affective disorder (Stoll et al, 1999), borderline personality disorder (Zanarini and Frankenburg, 2003), incarcerated young males (Gesch et al, 2002), and children with developmental coordination disorders (Richardson and Montgomery, 2005) also suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may modulate mood, impulsivity, and aggression, while potential neuroprotective effects were found in Huntington's disease (Puri et al, 2002(Puri et al, , 2005. A recently presented, yet unpublished, study (Amminger et al, 2007) suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may delay the onset of frank psychosis in adolescents at ultra-high risk of psychotic disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Berger

Wood

Wellard

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

107

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Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has been used in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions with some benefits. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigate its effects on in vivo brain metabolism in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T was performed in the temporal lobes of 24 FEP patients before and after 12 weeks of treatment in the context of a larger double-blind, placebo-controlled E-EPA augmentation study. Treatment group effects for glutathione (F1,12 ¼ 6.1, p ¼ 0.03), and a hemisphere-by-group interaction for glutamine/glutamate (F1,20 ¼ 4.4, p ¼ 0.049) were found. Glutathione increased bilaterally and glutamate/glutamine increased in the left hemisphere following E-EPA administration. Improvement in negative symptoms correlated with metabolic brain changes, particularly glutathione (r ¼ À0.57). These results suggest that E-EPA augmentation alters glutathione availability and modulates the glutamine/glutamate cycle in early psychosis, with some of the metabolic brain changes being correlated with negative symptom improvement. Larger confirmatory studies of these postulated metabolic brain effects of E-EPA are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Berger

Wood

Wellard

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

107

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show abstract

“…Some studies also supplemented arachidonic acid or other fatty acids. Most trials have been performed for mood disorders, some studies included patients with psychotic, anxiety or other disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, or aggression (Gesch et al 2002;Zaalberg et al 2010;Berger 2016;Bozzatello et al 2016). Below we will briefly discuss recent findings in psychosis prevention, and elaborate on the interesting debate on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in depression.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

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Continuous research into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia, suggests an important role for metabolism. This narrative review will provide an upto-date summary of how metabolism is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders. We will focus on (I) the important role of fatty acids in these metabolic alterations, (II) whether fatty acid alterations represent epiphenomena or risk factors, and (III) similarities and dissociations in fatty acid alterations between different psychiatric disorders. (Historical) epidemiological evidence links fatty acid intake to psychiatric disorder prevalence, corroborated by altered fatty acid concentrations measured in psychiatric patients. These fatty acid alterations are connected with other concomitant pathophysiological mechanisms, including biological stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and oxidative stress), inflammation, and brain network structure and function. Metabolomics and lipidomics studies are underway to more deeply investigate this complex network of associated neurometabolic alterations. Supplementation of fatty acids as disease-modifying nutraceuticals has clinical potential, particularly add-on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in depressed patients with markers of increased inflammation. However, by interpreting the observed fatty acid alterations as partly (mal)adaptive phenomena, we attempt to nuance translational expectations and provide new clinical applications for these novel neurometabolic insights, e.g., to predict treatment response or depression recurrence. In conclusion, placing fatty acids in context can contribute to further understanding and optimized treatment of psychiatric disorders, in order to diminish their overwhelming burden of disease.

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“…There is also evidence that diet and exposure to lead may affect aggressiveness and risk-taking behaviour [27][28][29].…”

Section: Behavioural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

et al. 2010

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a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords:Interpersonal violence prevention policy Risk factors Interventions Burden of disease Low-to middle-income contexts Western Cape South Africa a b s t r a c tIn South Africa's Western Cape province, interpersonal violence was identified among the key prevention priorities in the provincial government's Burden of Disease (BoD) Reduction project. To date, there are no adequate systematic reviews of the full range of potential intervention strategies. In response, available data and the literature on risk factors and prevention strategies for interpersonal violence were reviewed with a view to providing policy makers with an inventory of interventions for application. Given the predominance of upstream factors in driving the province's rates of interpersonal violence, efforts to address its burden require an intersectoral approach. Achievable short-term targets are also required to offset the long-term nature of the strategies most likely to affect fundamental shifts. Documentation and evaluation will be important to drive long-term investment, ensure effectiveness and enable replication of successful programmes and should be considered imperative by interpersonal violence prevention policymakers in other low-to middle-income contexts.

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Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners

Abstract: Antisocial behaviour in prisons, including violence, are reduced by vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids with similar implications for those eating poor diets in the community.

Cited by 376 publications

References 25 publications

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

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