Influence of Supplemental Feeding on a Vole Population

Cole, F. Russell; Batzli, George O.

doi:10.2307/1380145

Cited by 155 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other important factors were a decrease in size of residents' home ranges and increased immigration of strangers (e.g., Boutin, 1984;Flowerdew, 1972;Gilbert and Krebs, 1981;Taitt, 1981;Taitt and Krebs, 1981). Furthermore, although there was an initial rise in population in two vole species (Microtus californicus and M. ochrogaster), unlimited food was not sufficient to produce a rapidly expanding population or prevent its subsequent decline (Cole and Batzli, 1978;Krebs and De Long, 1965). Attraction of predators to the area may initiate periodic declines.…”

Section: Population Dynamics At Takasakiyamamentioning

confidence: 99%

Provisioning and the study of free-ranging primates: History, effects, and prospects

Asquith

1989

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Since the first field primate studies there has been debate over whether or not provisioning as an aid to observation of free-ranging groups alters behavior and population processes t o the extent that those studies are not indicative of the animals' natural lives. If they are not, a significant amount of long-term data on several species of primates would be rendered irrelevant to analysis of natural population processes, and to the pool of knowledge of behavior and social groups on which a picture of historical and current selection pressures is built. At present these studies cannot be used comparatively with nonprovisioned studies due to lack of information on quantities of food supplement or certainty about effects of different provisioning methods on demography and behavior.The perception that Japanese primate studies are conducted largely on provisioned groups is inaccurate. An expanding number of study populations within Japan and most overseas studies are conducted without provisioning. Historically, the reason for provisioning the endemic Japanese macaque was to facilitate observation, but it has since become also a means of conservation. Provisioning in most other instances by both Japanese and Western primatologists has been done on an ad hoc basis.Studies of supplemental feeding effects on non-primate species suggest that food supply secondarily limits population density and fecundity is not the most important factor affecting population increase.Provisioning is essential to the survival of many primate groups and provisioned groups will likely increase. Studies of natural primate ecology should be used to determine the least intrusive methods of supplementary feeding.The effects of artificial or supplemental feeding, baiting, or provisioning on the behavior and demography of free-ranging nonhuman primates have long been a concern in primatology (Altmann and Altmann, 1979;Carpenter, 1969;Fa, 1986; Fa and Southwick, 1988;Frisch, 1959Frisch, ,1963Fukuda, 1988;Goodall, 1983;Imanishi, 1965;Itani, 1975;Izawa, 1982;Lawick-Goodall, 1971;Maruhashi et al., 1986;Mori, 1977Mori, ,1979Nishida, 1979; Power, 1986, in prep.;Reynolds, 1975;Southwick et al., 1976;Sugiyama and Ohsawa, 1982;Wrangham, 1974, and in passim in numerous research publications). Provisioning' in a general sense refers to the 'The terms "provisioning" and "provisionization" were formerly distinguished. During the first decade of artificial feeding by Japanese, the term "provisionize" referred to the process of semidomestication of the Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in which the macaques accepted food in the presence of humans (Simonds, 0 1989 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol. 32, 1989 offering of food beyond the natural supply and/or quality of the animals' environment (Fa, 1986). Provisioning in primate studies was begun innocuously enough on the small island Cayo Santiago, off Puerto Rico, to supplement an inadequate natural food supply for an imported colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) (Carpenter, 1942) and in Japan and East...

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Section: Population Dynamics At Takasakiyamamentioning

confidence: 99%

Provisioning and the study of free-ranging primates: History, effects, and prospects

Asquith

1989

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…Such experiments may involve manipulations that artificially cause changes in population growth rate, such as food supplementation (e.g., Cole and Batzli 1978, Jansson et al 1981, Dobson 1988, 1995, Guyer 1988, Boutin 1990), decrementing population size (e.g., Slade and Balph 1974, Arcese and Smith 1988), manipulation of predators (e.g., Marcströ m et al 1988, Krebs et al 1995, exposure to pollutants (e.g., Levin et al 1996), or a combination of several factors (e.g., Birch 1953, Taitt and Krebs 1983, Rao and Sharma 1986, Krebs et al 1995. The majority of such studies, particularly those of terrestrial vertebrates, have not applied LTRE analyses (but see Brault and Caswell 1993), although several have documented changes in demographic variables that could cause changes in population growth rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Density Reduction on Uinta Ground Squirrels: Analysis of Life Table Response Experiments

Oli¹,

Slade²,

Dobson³

2001

Ecology

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Abstract. The effects of natural or experimental environmental perturbations on populations can be diverse, simultaneously affecting several life history variables. Populationlevel responses to such influences frequently are measured as changes in projected population growth rate (). Sensitivity and elasticity analyses can be used to quantify the potential influence of small changes in different life history variables on . When a population is subjected to an experimental treatment, life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis allows decomposition of changes in into contributions due to observed changes in individual life history variables. We investigated the potential and actual influence of demographic characteristics (age at maturity, juvenile and adult survival, fertility, and age at last reproduction) on of Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, USA. Ground squirrels were studied in three different habitats, before and after an experimental reduction of population size. Survival and reproduction of squirrels increased in response to a reduction in population density. Consequently, increased by at least 21% in two of the three habitats. Population growth rate was potentially most sensitive to changes in age at maturity (␣) and fertility. LTRE analysis revealed that ␣ did not change and contributed nothing to changes in , but changes in fertility were large and contributed most to observed changes in . Age at last reproduction () increased after density reduction but contributed little to observed changes in because of low sensitivity of to changes in . Thus, there was little correspondence between potential influence and actual contributions to observed changes in . We concluded that some demographic variables, notably ␣, had little environmental or phylogenetic scope for reduction, whereas fertility and to some degree survival rates were considerably more plastic under the experimental treatment. Because LTRE analysis incorporates observed changes in life history variables and also sensitivity of to these changes, it worked well for quantifying the response of Uinta ground squirrel populations to density manipulation and holds promise for evaluating alternative management strategies in conservation biology.

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“…In contrast, extra food did not prevent population declines in numbers and the major population dynamics was not altered (Gilbert and Krebs 1981, Taitt and Krebs 1981, Desy and Thompson 1983, Ford and Pitelka 1984, Henttonen et al 1987. Supplemental feeding often extended the breeding season (Watts 1970, Andrzejewski 1975, Cole and Batzli 1978, Taitt and Krebs 1981, Ford and Pitelka 1984, Saitoh 1989, but see for example Gilbert and Krebs (1981). Maturation rate of young may increase and age at first reproduction may be reduced by extra food, but there is no general consistency among different experiments (cf Boutin 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplemental food on a cyclic Clethrionomys glareolus population at peak density

Löfgren¹,

Hörnfeldt²,

Eklund³

1996

Acta Theriol.

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Lofgren O., Hornfeldt B. and Eklund U. 1996. Effect of supplemental food on a cyclic Clethrionomys glareolus population at peak density. Acta Theriologica 41: 383-394.The impact of supplemental food on a cyclic bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) population was studied at peak density. We provided high energy food (sunflower seeds) to a 3.15 ha live-trapping grid and used a 5.06 ha unfed grid as a control. Density of adult females and immatures increased 3-fold in response to the extra food. In contrast, density of adult males did not change significantly. The rise in density of adult females, but not of adult males, altered the functional sex ratio. Loss rate of fed adults remained the same as for controls, whereas immature loss rate was reduced by the extra food. Dispersal of immatures from the control into the food supplemented grid was higher than the reverse. Growth and body mass of fed immatures were lower than of controls. Reduced dispersal and increased immigration of immatures both contributed significantly to the overall rise in density when food was added.

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Influence of Supplemental Feeding on a Vole Population

Cited by 155 publications

References 26 publications

Provisioning and the study of free-ranging primates: History, effects, and prospects

Provisioning and the study of free-ranging primates: History, effects, and prospects

Effect of Density Reduction on Uinta Ground Squirrels: Analysis of Life Table Response Experiments

Effect of supplemental food on a cyclic Clethrionomys glareolus population at peak density

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