Influence of Superparasitism on Development Rate and Adult Size in a Solitary Parasitoid Wasp, Aphidius ervi

Bai, B.; Mackauer, M.

doi:10.2307/2389521

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Factors affecting growth and development in both koinobiont and idiobiont parasitoids include variation in the size, age, or stage of the host at parasitism (Sequeira and Mackauer, 1992;Harvey et al, 1994Harvey et al, , 1998Harvey et al, , 2000aHarvey et al, , 2004Croft and Copland, 1995;Otto and Mackauer, 1998;Husni et al, 2001;Wang and Liu, 2002), the presence of competing organisms (Bai and Mackauer, 1992;Harvey et al, 1993Harvey et al, , 2000b, and the nutritional status of the host (Duffey et al, 1986;Gunasena et al, 1990;Barbosa et al, 1991;Harvey et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable similarity in body mass of a secondary hyperparasitoid Lysibia nana and its primary parasitoid host Cotesia glomerata emerging from cocoons of comparable size

Harvey

Vet

Witjes

et al. 2006

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Lysibia nana is a solitary, secondary idiobiont hyperparasitoid that attacks newly cocooned pre-pupae and pupae of several closely related gregarious endoparasitoids in the genus Cotesia, including C. glomerata. Prior to oviposition, the female wasp injects paralysing venom into the host, thus preventing further development. Here, host fate, emerging hyperparasitoid mass, and egg-to-adult development time was compared in hosts parasitized at different ages over 24-h intervals. Cocoons of C. glomerata were parasitized by L. nana at 12, 36, 60, 84, and 108 h post-egression from the secondary host, Pieris brassicae. Hyperparasitoid survival exceeded 80% in hosts parasitized within the first 60 h after pupation, but dropped thereafter, with no hyperparasitoids emerging in hosts aged 108 h. The mass of hyperparasitoids was positively correlated with the mass of the host cocoon, and this relationship remained consistent in hosts up to 60 h old. Within each host age cohort, the mass of male and female wasps was not significantly different. Development time in L. nana was uniform in hosts up to 60 h old, but increased significantly in 84-h-old hosts, and male wasps completed their development earlier than female wasps. Regulation of host growth varied with the age of the host at parasitism, with the early growth of older hosts reduced much more dramatically than young hosts. Unlike most parasitoids, pupal hyperparasitoids do not make cocoons but instead pupate within the already prepared cocoon of the host parasitoid. Consequently, for a given mass of cocoon, newly emerged L. nana adults were remarkably similar in size with male and female adults of C. glomerata. This reveals that L. nana is extremely efficient at exploiting its primary parasitoid host.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable similarity in body mass of a secondary hyperparasitoid Lysibia nana and its primary parasitoid host Cotesia glomerata emerging from cocoons of comparable size

Harvey

Vet

Witjes

et al. 2006

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…It may well be adaptive to have more than one oviposition strategy. For example, Bai and Mackauer (1992) showed that Aphidius ervi gained 14% more weight in super-parasitised hosts due to greater food ingestion, with development time unaffected. But they also pointed out that this fitness benefit for surviving larvae needs to be balanced against the cost of reduced larval survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg Distributions of Insect Parasitoids: Modelling and Analysis of Temporal Data with Host Density Dependence

Fenlon

Faddy

Toussidou³

et al. 2008

Acta Biotheor

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A simple numerical procedure is presented for the problem of estimating the parameters of models for the distribution of eggs oviposited in a host. The modelling is extended to incorporate both host density and time dependence to produce a remarkably parsimonious structure with only seven parameters to describe a data set of over 3,000 observations. This is further refined using a mixed model to accommodate several large outliers. Both models show that the level of superparasitism declines with increasing host density, and the rate declines over time. It is proposed that the differing behaviours represented by the mixed model may reflect a balance between behavioural strategies of different selective benefit.

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“…Finally, the observed relationship between larval density and FA may be caused by the effects of larval competition. It is well established in a number of other gregarious parasitoids that larval competition places nutritional stress on developing larvae, leading to reductions in adult body size (Waage and Ng 1984;Bai and Mackauer 1992;Adamo et al 1995;Nakamura 1995). However, a controlled laboratory experiment is necessary to differentiate between these factors in H. alleni.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gregarious parasitoids, in particular, have been shown to exhibit reductions in body size (Waage and Ng 1984;Bai and Mackauer 1992;Adamo at al. 1995;Nakamura 1995), fecundity (Visser 1994) and longevity (Visser 1994) when completing development at high larval density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval density and developmental instability in the acoustically orienting parasitoid Homotrixa alleni .

Hunt

Allen

2000

Acta ethologica

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The relationship between developmental stress caused by intraspecific larval density and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was examined in the tachinid parasitoid Homotrixa alleni. Individuals reared in larger clutches were significantly smaller in body size when they emerged as adults. As predicted, smaller individuals were shown to have significantly higher levels of FA in their tibiae. This negative relationship was consistent across each pair of tibia and the magnitude of FA was also significantly correlated between tibiae. The exact nature of the observed relationship between larval density and FA in H. alleni remains speculative.

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Influence of Superparasitism on Development Rate and Adult Size in a Solitary Parasitoid Wasp, Aphidius ervi

Cited by 61 publications

References 20 publications

Remarkable similarity in body mass of a secondary hyperparasitoid Lysibia nana and its primary parasitoid host Cotesia glomerata emerging from cocoons of comparable size

Remarkable similarity in body mass of a secondary hyperparasitoid Lysibia nana and its primary parasitoid host Cotesia glomerata emerging from cocoons of comparable size

Egg Distributions of Insect Parasitoids: Modelling and Analysis of Temporal Data with Host Density Dependence

Larval density and developmental instability in the acoustically orienting parasitoid Homotrixa alleni .

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