Influence of sugars and hormones on the genes involved in sucrose metabolism in maize endosperms

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Starch is the major storage product in the endosperm of cereals. Its synthesis is closely related to sucrose metabolism. In our previous study, we found that the expression of most of the genes involved in starch synthesis might be regulated by sugars and hormones in the maize endosperm. However, little is known regarding the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in sucrose metabolism. Thus, in this study, maize endosperms were treated with different sugars and hormones and the expression of genes involved in sucrose metabolism (including synthesis, degradation, and transport) were evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that genes affected by different sugars and hormones were primarily regulated by abscisic acid. Sucrose and abscisic acid showed an additive effect on the expression of some genes. Differences in the transcriptional 1671-1678 (2015) regulation of genes involved in sucrose metabolism and starch biosynthesis were observed.

Synthesis and In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activity Evaluation and Quantitative Proteome Profiling of Oxadiazoles Bearing Flexible Heterocyclic Patterns

“…Particularly, “histidine metabolism” and “starch and sucrose metabolism” were significantly enriched. These two pathways are crucial for bacterial growth, development, and energy metabolism. − Moreover, the balance levels and harmonious cooperation of these proteins in the pathway are crucial for its normal operation. , However, in the histidine metabolism pathway (Figure ), all the enriched prominent proteins, such as phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase (hisE, EC 3.6.1.31), phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase (hisI, EC 3.5.4.19), phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide isomerase (hisA, EC 5.3.1.16), imidazole glycerol-phosphate synthase subunit HisF (hisF, EC 4.3.2.10), imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (hisB, EC 4.2.1.19), histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase (hisC, EC 2.6.1.9), and histidinol dehydrogenase (hisD, EC 1.1.1.23), were upregulated in histidine biosynthesis. A similar pattern was observed in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, in which most of the proteins (red color), such as endoglucanase (E3.2.1.4), phosphoglucomutase (pgm, EC 5.4.2.2), starch synthase (glgE, EC 2.4.99.16), 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (GBE1, EC 2.4.1.18), isoamylase (treX, EC 3.2.1.68), (1 → 4)-alpha- d -glucan 1-alpha- d -glucosylmutase (treY, EC 5.4.99.15), and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (treZ, EC 3.2.1.141), were upregulated.…”

“…66−70 Moreover, the balance levels and harmonious cooperation of these proteins in the pathway are crucial for its normal operation. 71,72 However, in the histidine metabolism pathway (Figure 8), all the enriched prominent proteins, such as phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase (hisE, EC 3. From this KEGG analysis, we could preliminarily conclude that the unbalanced levels in protein expression triggered by A 0 would inevitably affect various complex biological activities in bacteria.…”

SH1-dependent maize seed development and starch synthesis via modulating carbohydrate flow and osmotic potential balance

“…As the main form of carbohydrates transported from vegetative tissues to the reproductive organs, sucrose are vital for carbon source supply, energy metabolism, synthesis of cellulose and starch and so on. In addition, sucrose and its degradation products (hexoses) also function as signaling molecules to regulate cell fate determination and kernel development by affecting the expression of related genes [2,[29][30][31]. Hence, the regular sucrose catabolic pathways are essential for normal kernel development.…”