Influence of substrate, pH and magnetic field onto composition and current efficiency of electrodeposited Ni–Fe alloys

Fricoteaux, Patrick; Rousse, Céline

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.08.022

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1) can be classified as anomalous codeposition. In different research studies, this phenomenon has been reported for electrodeposition of the iron group binary alloys such as Ni-Fe, 38 Ni-W, 39 Zn-Co, 40 Zn-Ni, 41,42 Zn-Fe 43 and also for Zn-Ni-Co, 44 ternary alloys. Several mechanisms for the anomalous codeposition behavior of Ni-Co alloys have been suggested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Similar results were reported for the Cu-Zn and Ni-Fe alloys. 38,[48][49][50] However, in the electrodeposition of Ni-Co and Ni-Fe alloy coatings, Mahmood et al 51 observed that the ultrasonic agitation leads to increase of cobalt content in Ni-Co alloys and increase of iron content in Ni-Fe alloys. Based on experimental observations in this study, properties of Ni-Co alloys deposited by horizontal electrodes are dependent on electrolyte agitation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloy coatings: electrodeposition using horizontal electrodes and corrosion resistance

Bakhit

Akbari

2012

J Coat Technol Res

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Nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy coatings containing 0-45 wt% Co were electrodeposited using horizontal electrodes in a modified Watts bath. Different techniques including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, microindentation, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to characterize the alloy coatings. Properties of the alloy coatings were investigated as a function of the cobalt ion concentration (Co 2+ ) in the bath. It was observed that the alloy codeposition exhibits anomalous behavior. Co content in the alloy coatings increases with increasing Co 2+ in the bath and with electrolyte agitation. Morphology and grain size of alloy coatings are greatly affected by Co content. By increasing Co content, surface morphology of the alloy coatings changes from pyramidal to spherical. Microhardness of the alloy coatings increases with increasing Co content mainly due to decreasing grain size that follows the Hall-Petch relation. In addition, Ni-17 wt% Co alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance compared to pure Ni and other Ni-Co alloy coatings. The higher corrosion resistance of Ni-17 wt% Co coating is discussed based on its phase structure, grain size, and preferred orientation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloy coatings: electrodeposition using horizontal electrodes and corrosion resistance

Bakhit

Akbari

2012

J Coat Technol Res

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“…Theoretical background.-The anomalous codeposition phenomenon known as a ,,volcano" type curve-with a maximum in Fecontent in NiFe as a function of the applied potential or current densitywas observed in the literature for the thin NiFe films [32][33][34] and NiFe nanowires. 20 The observed results were explained through the limited mass transport of Fe +2 ions after the peak.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Codeposition offccNiFe Nanowires with 5–55% Fe and Their Morphology, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties

Dragos

Chiriac

Lupu

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrodeposition of NiFe nanowires-with the length ∼3.0 μm and diameter 200 nm-using the porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates on the sputtered Au-back electrode (300 nm) using sulfate/chloride electrolyte solution and potential pulsed deposition. The electrode area of Au-AAO template, determined by the reversible one-electron transfer oxidation of K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , used as a probe in CV, was found to be ∼2.4 times larger than Au-thin film electrode. The anomalous codeposition phenomenon known as a ,,volcano" type curve-with a maximum in Fe-content in NiFe as a function of the applied potential-was observed in the literature. The observed results were explained through the limited mass transport of Fe +2 ions after the peak. This explanation is partially correct, but not complete. The electrodeposition of NiFe nanowire in this work resulted in a similar "volcano" type curve. The alternative explanation of anomalous codeposition-through the surface concentration of H + dependent adsorption/desorption of FeOH + and NiOH + electroactive species-was proposed. The electrodeposition of NiFe nanowire arrays using a designed pulse potential method produced fcc NiFe nanowires with 5-55% Fe with controlled composition, length, and uniformity.The distinct decrease of parallel coercivity of NiFe nanowire arrays having the same length was observed with increase of Fe-content in NiFe, which also correlates with the increase of their magnetic saturation. 12 The studies on magnetic properties of NiFe nanowire arrays were intensified during last 15 years. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The electrodeposition of NiFe alloys exhibits a phenomenon known as an anomalous codeposition, which is characterized by the anomaly that less noble metal, i.e. Fe, deposits preferentially. 21 The extent of anomalous codeposition can be evaluated by the "selectivity ratio" (SR), which is defined as an atomic ratio of Fe/Ni in the deposit to the molar ratio of Fe +2 /Ni +2 in the electrolyte. 22 The SR is dependent on solution condition (pH, presence of organic additives, concentration of electrolytes, temperature, etc), method of electrodeposition (constant current density, controlled potential, pulsed current or potential), and the thickness of deposit. The value of SR ranges from 1.0 (for non-anomalous codeposition) to 15 (for anomalous codeposition). The variation of composition of NiFe films affects the following properties of deposit: (i) stress, 23 (ii) magnetostriction, 24 (iii) crystal structure, 25 and (iv) grain size. 26 Thereby, the resulting changes profoundly influence the magnetic behavior of electrodeposited NiFe alloys, which was demonstrated recently. 27The present work describes the method of electrodeposition of NiFe nanowires into anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with the controlled elemental composition using designed potential pulse electrodeposition. We report here a new explanation for the observed anomalous codeposition of NiFe in nanowires, through the surface concentration of H + dependent adsorption/...

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“…The influence of an external magnetic field on the electrochemical deposition of metals such as Co, Fe, Ni, and its alloys on a flat electrode was mainly investigated [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. So far, limited studies have been done to examine the influence of the magnetic field applied during cobalt deposition into Al 2 O 3 pores on the magnetic properties of the cobalt nanowires, and previous studies had not provided clear results [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and magnetic properties of Co nanowires electrodeposited into the pores of anodic alumina membranes

Dobosz

Gumowska

Czapkiewicz

2014

J Solid State Electrochem

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Cobalt nanowires were obtained in the process of electrodeposition into pores of an alumina membrane. Structural research (XRD, TEM) of Co revealed the facecentered cubic structure. However, the existence of the hexagonal structure cannot be excluded due to strong texture. The influences of an external magnetic field and Al 2 O 3 membrane geometry on magnetic properties of obtained wires were examined. It was found that cobalt nanowires exhibit pronounced shape anisotropy in a direction parallel to the wire axis. The highest influence on the magnetic properties is ascribed to the nanowires geometry i.e., height, diameter, and distances between single wires. Application of an external magnetic field in a perpendicular direction to the sample surface during cobalt electrodeposition increases magnetic anisotropy with a privileged direction along the wire axis. Application of the magnetic field in a parallel direction to the sample surface changes the direction of magnetization.

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Influence of substrate, pH and magnetic field onto composition and current efficiency of electrodeposited Ni–Fe alloys

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

Nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloy coatings: electrodeposition using horizontal electrodes and corrosion resistance

Nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloy coatings: electrodeposition using horizontal electrodes and corrosion resistance

Anomalous Codeposition offccNiFe Nanowires with 5–55% Fe and Their Morphology, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties

Structure and magnetic properties of Co nanowires electrodeposited into the pores of anodic alumina membranes

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