Influence of styrene on grafting efficiency of maleic anhydride onto natural rubber

Abstract

Grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) onto natural rubber (NR) has been investigated by using a radical initiated grafting process. NR was masticated to lower molecular weight than the original NR before treatment with 0.5-1.5% by mole of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 5-25% by mole of MA in toluene solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and titration method were used to analyze the fixation of MA on the NR. The reaction temperature was varied from 60 to 80°C. The % grafting of MA was higher at higher temperatures. Compared to the reaction without styrene, the addition of 0.1% by mole of styrene in the grafting process increased % MA grafting up to two times. It is postulated that the styrene may act as a charge transfer complex for the reaction of NR with MA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 28 -38, 2005

Effect of nitroxyl-based radicals on the melt radical grafting of maleic anhydride onto polyethylene in presence of a peroxide

“…Maleation of polyethylene (PE), as a polymer exhibiting a higher grafting efficiency towards reaction with MA comparing to the other polyolefins [7,8] can be conducted by many methods, including grafting with the aids of free-radical initiator in solution [9][10][11] or in the melt [12][13][14][15] and radiation grafting [16][17][18]. Maleic anhydride (MA), because of its poor homopolymerization characteristics toward free radicals, is a suitable grafting agent for the modification of PE substrates [19]. Free-radical melt grafting of MA is the most important method from the economical and environmental points of view but the use of free-radicals which act as both hydrogen abstractors and initiators, are generally carried out at high temperature (up to 200°C), rendering http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.012 0014-3057/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers/Plasticizer - Compatibilizer/Organoclay Nanocomposites by Reactive Extrusion System

“…Natural rubber (NR) is widely used in various applications particularly for tires because of its excellent elastic properties over other synthetic counterparts. However, its non-polar character limits its application due to poor oil resistance and high air permeability [52]. Grafting of MA or other polar monomers onto NR backbone improves the compatibility between NR and other polar elastomers and some engineering plastics such as polyamide.…”

Amelioration of acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer properties using natural rubber graft p‐aminophenol

“…The nip gap was gradually reduced at the same time as the rubber was quartered. 4 Grafting of p-aminophenol onto natural rubber Mastication was continued for 8 min before treatment with the pAP. Then the masticated NR after treatment with pAP was dissolved in toluene, and the mixture solution was filtrated.…”