Influence of structural features and feruloylation on fermentability and ability to modulate gut microbiota of arabinoxylan in in vitro fermentation

Abstract

IntroductionArabinoxylan (AX) is a versatile polysaccharide that shows various effects in modulating gut microbiota and health. The influence of arabinoxylan carbohydrate structural feature and feruloylation on fermentability and the effect of modulation of gut microbiota of AX was not clear.MethodsArabinoxylans from rice bran and corn bran (RAX and CAX), and their deferulyolated counterpart dRAX and dCAX were fermented using an in vitro fermentation model. Structural information was determined based on monosaccharide composition. Gas production of fermentation products, SCFAs production, pH change, and microbiota change were measured.ResultsRAX and dRAX posessed lower A/X ratio compared with CAX and dCAX. The gas and total SCFAs production were lower in RAX and dRAX, and the butyrate production were higher in RAX and dRAX compared with CAX and dCAX. Butyrate production was lower at dRAX compared to RAX. On the other hand, butyrate production was higher in dCAX than in CAX. The microbiota shift were different for the four fibers.DiscussionThe AXs from rice have a higher A/X ratio than the AXs from maize, suggesting more branching and a more complex side chain. The structural difference was crucial for the difference in fermentation pattern. Different Bacteroides species are responsible for the utilization of rice AXs and corn AXs. Although feruloylation had a minor effect on the overall fermentation pattern, it significantly affected butyrate production and alpha diversity. dRAX promoted less butyrate than RAX, which is associated with a significantly lower amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzi. dCAX promoted more butyrate than CAX, which may be associated with a lower amount of Bacteroides ovatus and a higher amount of Blautia in dCAX compared to CAX. The effects of feruloylation on the fermentation pattern and the resulted microbiota shift of AX varied depending on the carbohydrate structure.

Interactive Effects of Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides and Green Tea Polyphenols on Obesity Management and Gut Microbiota Modulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

“…The in vitro fermentation assay was carried out under anaerobic conditions, adhering to the protocol established previously . Stool samples were procured from three healthy individuals, aged between 22 and 28, who were void of any gastrointestinal diseases and had abstained from antibiotic use for a minimum of 3 months preceding the collection.…”

“…The in vitro fermentation assay was carried out under anaerobic conditions, adhering to the protocol established previously. 24 Stool samples were procured from three healthy individuals, aged between 22 and 28, who were void of any gastrointestinal diseases and had abstained from antibiotic use for a minimum of 3 months preceding the collection. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Nanchang University, with all procedures being in strict compliance with the guidelines and regulations of the institutional review board (IRB) protocol.…”

Cereal-Derived Water-Unextractable Arabinoxylans: Structure Feature, Effects on Baking Products and Human Health

“…Although these groups of bacteria are not considered to be the primary targets of prebiotics, they have also been shown to have a strong relationship with human health [123]. Li et al (2023) used an in vitro fermentation model to simulate the fermentation of WUAX (RAX and CAX) and their deglycosylated counterparts (dRAX and dCAX) extracted from rice bran and corn bran in the human gut and found that all types of AX significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, and that the most predominant SCFAs in the fermentation products after 48 h of fermentation were acetic and propionic acids, followed by butyric acid [30]. Likewise, Damen et al (2011) evaluated gut microbiota composition and SCFA production in rats fed WUAX, WEAX, AXOS and their combinations.…”

“…The gut microbiota can define and regulate host homeostasis by determining nutritional, immune, and neuroendocrine homeostasis [29]. AXs also play a crucial role in regulating the composition of gut microbiota and promoting intestinal health [30], with a variety of bioactivities such as immune and antioxidant enhancement, strengthening of the intestinal epithelial barrier, relief of constipation, and improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. AXs can modulate the profile and function of some of the beneficial bacteria in the human gut microbiota [31].…”