Influence of Stratigraphy on Barriers to Fracture Growth and Completion Optimization in the Meramec Stack Play, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma

Price, Buddy; Haustveit, Kyle; Lamb, Alex

doi:10.15530/urtec-2017-2697585

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Leavitt (2017) determined sedimentation of the Meramecian silts to be derived from aeolian processes. Price et al (2017) studied lithologic controls on reservoir quality. Price concluded calcite cement to be the primary driver of reservoir quality, attributing the preservation of primary porosity to be a key role of clay within the Meramec.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early Mississippian deposits were a result of low amplitude sea-level fluctuations as a result of greenhouse conditions while icehouse conditions of the Late Mississippian consisted of higher amplitude sea-level changes (Read, 1995;Haq and Schutter, 2008). Climatic changes, Milankovich cycles, tectonics and sedimentation rates all play significant roles in the resulting high-frequency sea-level cyclicity, which contributes to the complex stacking patterns and lateral variability of facies (Comer, 1991;Haq and Schutter, 2008;Birch, 2015;Flinton, 2016;Price, 2017).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mississippian Meramec in the eastern Anadarko basin of central Oklahoma consists of a succession of upward coarsening cycles of argillaceous to calcareous fine-grained sandstones, siltstones and mudstones that form major petroleum reservoirs. In central Oklahoma, Mississippian strata is characterized by a mixed siliciclastic and carbonate system that consists of mixed siliceous and calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones (Price et al, 2017;Drummond, 2018;Duarte, 2018;Hardwick, 2018;Hickman, 2018;Leavitt, 2018;J. Miller, 2018;M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphic variability of Mississippian Meramec chemofacies and petrophysical properties using machine learning and geostatistical modeling, STACK trend, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma

et al. 2021

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Mississippian Meramec deposits and reservoirs in the Sooner Trend in the Anadarko (Basin) in Canadian and Kingfisher counties (STACK) play of central Oklahoma are comprised of silty limestones, calcareous sandstones, argillaceous-calcareous siltstones, argillaceous siltstones, and mudstones. We have used core-derived X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data and established environmental proxies to evaluate the occurrence of specific elements (Al, K, Ti, Zr, Sr, Ca, and Si) and to illustrate their stratigraphic variability. For the Mississippian Meramec, six indicator elements or element ratios serve as proxies for clay (Al and K), detrital sediment (Ti and Zr), carbonate deposits (Sr and Ca), calcite cement (Sr/Ca), and biogenic and continentally derived quartz (Si/Ti and Si/Al). We used an unsupervised K-means classification to cluster elemental data from which we interpret three chemofacies: (1) calcareous sandstone, (2) argillaceous-calcareous siltstone, and (3) detrital mudstone. We used a random forest approach to relate core-derived chemofacies to well logs and classify chemofacies in noncored wells with an accuracy of up to 83% based on blind test results. We integrated core-derived XRF, conventional well logs, and chemofacies logs to produce a dip-oriented cross-sectional chemofacies model that trends from the northwest to the southeast across the southern STACK trend. Meramec chemofacies distributions reflect parasequence stacking patterns. The stratigraphic variability of chemofacies indicates an upward increase of argillaceous detrital mudstone from parasequences 1 to 3. Parasequence 3 is capped by a maximum flooding surface. From parasequences 4 to 5, an increase in argillaceous-calcareous siltstone and calcareous sandstone reflects the progradational stacking. Porosity is relatively low in calcareous sandstones primarily due to calcite cement. Water saturation is high in argillaceous-calcareous siltstone, moderate in calcareous sandstone, and low in detrital mudstone. Within the Meramec, biogenic quartz is associated with drilling issues, specifically frequent bit trips due to its hardness. Interpreted biogenic quartz from element profiles corresponds to the calcareous sandstone chemofacies, which can be estimated from triple-combo well logs and can be mapped. Effective porosity and water saturation models reflect the stratigraphic variability of chemofacies and rock types and can be predicted within the defined chemostratigraphic framework. Understanding the spatial variability of effective porosity and water saturation is important for reservoir development planning.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphic variability of Mississippian Meramec chemofacies and petrophysical properties using machine learning and geostatistical modeling, STACK trend, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma

et al. 2021

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“…The shelf development ceased in the late Mississippian due to uplift and erosion associated with Gondwana and Euramerica collision. The Mississippian strata record a transition in composition from the shallow-water Miss Lime carbonates in the north (Watney et al, 2001) to deep-water mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediments in the Anadarko and Ardmore basin in the south (Price et al, 2017). Currently, from north to south, several laterally and vertically varying proximal and distal facies comprising various permutations of limestones, chert, and silicified limestone with depositional and diagenetic pore systems are found with a gradation in grain size and mineral chemistry depending on their distance from the shoreline.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

How Nanopores Influence Dry-Frame VP Pressure Sensitivity

et al. 2021

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This paper investigates how nanopore size distribution influences dry-frame P-wave velocity (VP) pressure sensitivity. The study uses a set of twenty-three samples belonging to a single vertical core from the Mississippian-age Meramec formation of the mid-continent US. Individual samples had their facies interpreted, composition estimated, He-gas porosity (ΦHe) determined, and P-wave and S-wave transit times systematically measured for dry core-plugs in a 5–40 MPa loading and unloading cycle. Data from the unloading cycle were linearized in the log scale, and the slope of the best fitting line was considered as a representative of the dry-frame VP pressure sensitivity. A series of photomicrographs from each sample were analyzed using image processing methods to obtain the shape and size of the individual pores, which were mostly in the nanopore (10−6–10–9 m) scale. At the outset, the pore-shape distribution plots were used to identify and discard samples with excessive cracks and complex pores. When the remaining samples were compared, it was found that within the same facies and pore-shape distribution subgroups VP pressure sensitivity increased as the dominant pore-size became smaller. This was largely independent of ΦHe and composition. The paper postulates that at the nanopore scale in the Meramec formation, pores are mostly isolated, and an increase in the confining pressure increased the bulk moduli of the fluids in the isolated pores, which in turn increased the VP pressure sensitivity. The study proposes incorporating this effect quantitatively through a dual-fluid model where the part of the fluid in unconnected pores is considered compressible while the remaining is considered incompressible. Results start to explain the universal observation of why the presence of microporosity quintessentially enhances VP pressure sensitivity.

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“…23 shows the global onlap and sea-level curve for the Carboniferous-Permian period tied to a generalized Mississippian stratigraphic column and Meramec type log from the study area(Miller, 2019). The Meramec was deposited during a transition from greenhouse to icehouse climate conditions, resulting in increasing cyclicity with the rise and fall of sea level, thus affecting deposition(Read, 1995) Price et al (2017). also mentioned during Meramec deposition it shows increasing cyclicity.…”

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confidence: 99%