Abstract:BACKGROUND:The fungus Agaricus subrufescens is grown commercially in China, the USA, Brazil, Taiwan and Japan, among others. However, each country adopts a cultivation system that significantly influences the agronomical parameters and chemical composition of the harvested mushrooms. In this study, the influence of the cultivation process on the content of ergosterol and vitamin D 2 was evaluated.RESULTS: Four commercial strains of A. subrufescens (ABL 04/49, ABL CS7, ABL 18/01 and ABL 19/01) and two environme… Show more
“…The differences in ergosterol and other nutritional and bioactive compounds depend on the species, stage of development, tissues, nutrient substrate, and microclimate [ 26 , 59 ]. Vieira Junior et al [ 39 ] showed that ergosterol biosynthesis and its bioconversion into ergocalciferol were also affected by the cultivation process in Agaricus subrufescens production, showing differences between field culture and controlled conditions. Ergosterol is metabolized into a prohormone—vitamin D. Its action is related with bone mineral metabolism and with the balance of phosphorus and calcium, related to various mechanisms such as secretion and effect of insulin, regulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, endothelial function, cell cycle control and apoptosis, immunological self-tolerance, and immune response against infections, among other effects [ 60 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ergosterol was quantified after extraction following Vieira Junior et al [ 39 ]. It was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a UV detector (280 nm), as described by Cardoso et al [ 40 ], and was identified and quantified by comparison with the pure chemical standard and expressed in mg/100g dw.…”
Nothofagus forests of the Andean Patagonian region are home to numerous wild edible mushroom (WEM) species with interesting organoleptic characteristics, although many of them have unknown nutritional and nutraceutical profiles. The proximal composition, fatty and organic acids, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, ergosterol, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 17 WEMs were analyzed. Carbohydrates, the most abundant macronutrients, varied between 49.00 g/100 g dw (C. magellanicus) and 89.70 g/100 g dw (F. antarctica). Significantly higher values were found for total fat in G. gargal (5.90 g/100 g dw) followed by A. vitellinus (4.70 g/100 g dw); for crude protein in L. perlatum (36.60 g/100 g dw) followed by L. nuda (30.30 g/100 g dw); and for energy in G. gargal (398 Kcal/100g) and C. hariotii (392 Kcal/100g). The most effective extracts regarding the TBARS antioxidant capacity were those of Ramaria. This is the first time that a study was carried out on the chemical composition of G. sordulenta, C. xiphidipus, F. pumiliae, and L. perlatum. The promotion of sustainable use of WEMs, including their incorporation in functional diets that choose WEMs as nutritious, safe, and healthy foods, and their use in an identity mycogastronomy linked to tourism development, requires the detailed and precise nutritional and nutraceutical information of each species.
“…The differences in ergosterol and other nutritional and bioactive compounds depend on the species, stage of development, tissues, nutrient substrate, and microclimate [ 26 , 59 ]. Vieira Junior et al [ 39 ] showed that ergosterol biosynthesis and its bioconversion into ergocalciferol were also affected by the cultivation process in Agaricus subrufescens production, showing differences between field culture and controlled conditions. Ergosterol is metabolized into a prohormone—vitamin D. Its action is related with bone mineral metabolism and with the balance of phosphorus and calcium, related to various mechanisms such as secretion and effect of insulin, regulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, endothelial function, cell cycle control and apoptosis, immunological self-tolerance, and immune response against infections, among other effects [ 60 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ergosterol was quantified after extraction following Vieira Junior et al [ 39 ]. It was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a UV detector (280 nm), as described by Cardoso et al [ 40 ], and was identified and quantified by comparison with the pure chemical standard and expressed in mg/100g dw.…”
Nothofagus forests of the Andean Patagonian region are home to numerous wild edible mushroom (WEM) species with interesting organoleptic characteristics, although many of them have unknown nutritional and nutraceutical profiles. The proximal composition, fatty and organic acids, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, ergosterol, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 17 WEMs were analyzed. Carbohydrates, the most abundant macronutrients, varied between 49.00 g/100 g dw (C. magellanicus) and 89.70 g/100 g dw (F. antarctica). Significantly higher values were found for total fat in G. gargal (5.90 g/100 g dw) followed by A. vitellinus (4.70 g/100 g dw); for crude protein in L. perlatum (36.60 g/100 g dw) followed by L. nuda (30.30 g/100 g dw); and for energy in G. gargal (398 Kcal/100g) and C. hariotii (392 Kcal/100g). The most effective extracts regarding the TBARS antioxidant capacity were those of Ramaria. This is the first time that a study was carried out on the chemical composition of G. sordulenta, C. xiphidipus, F. pumiliae, and L. perlatum. The promotion of sustainable use of WEMs, including their incorporation in functional diets that choose WEMs as nutritious, safe, and healthy foods, and their use in an identity mycogastronomy linked to tourism development, requires the detailed and precise nutritional and nutraceutical information of each species.
“…The inoculums were prepared following the methodology proposed by Vieira Junior and co-authors [18], using sorghum seeds that were boiled at 100°C for 30 minutes and then added with 2% limestone. To spawn poduction, the following steps were used: selection of mushroom and production of subculture; parent spawn; and finally grain spawn.…”
The present work evaluated the agronomic behavior of species and varieties of Pleurotus submitted or not to the scratching technique. The cultivated species/varieties were Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida, and Pleurotus djamor, where half of the treatments were scratched before the first and second flushes, while the rest were only scratched before the second flush. Yield (%), biological efficiency (%), weight of mushroom (g) and number of mushrooms (uni) were evaluated. It was observed that scratching harmed the mushroom weight for P. ostreatus, where the treatment without scratching produced significantly higher values, in the first harvest flush. On the other hand, scratching favored yield and the number of mushrooms for P. djamor. When the species are compared, it is noted that P. ostreatus obtained a lower yield, which was also reflected in the biological efficiency. P. djamor stood out with a large number of mushrooms, statistically higher than the other species, on the other hand, producing mushrooms of low weight of mushroom. The use of the scratched technique is not recommended for the conditions used in the work, due to the increase in labor and loss of mushroom weight.
“…On the other hand, ergosterol (73–90 mg/100 g) was isolated from AbM lipid fractions by Takaku et al (2001) . Ergosterol, as a precursor of vitamin D 2 (1.95–3.68 mg/100g), was usually present in AbM mushrooms at higher levels than other crops ( Rózsa et al, 2019 ; Vieira Junior et al, 2021 ). Normally, fat accounted for 1.82 g/100 g (2–8%) of the AbM ( Carneiro et al, 2013 ; Firenzuoli et al, 2008 ).…”
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