Influence of Strain and Diet on Urinary pH in Laboratory Mice

Böswald, Linda F.; Matzek, Dana; Kienzle, Ellen; Popper, Bastian

doi:10.3390/ani11030702

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There seems to be a statistical trend towards a higher true sodium digestibility in CD1 mice, as indicated by the comparison of the regression lines. This is in accordance with the near-significant higher apparent sodium digestibility in the CD1 mice (70% vs. 63% in C57Bl/6 J; p = 0.059) and the higher urine pH in CD1 mice found previously 41 . Sodium is positively charged and acts as an alkalizing compound in the equation of the dietary cation–anion-balance 8 , 42 – 44 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Digestibility of crude nutrients and minerals in C57Bl/6J and CD1 mice fed a pelleted lab rodent diet

Böswald,

Matzek,

Popper

2024

Sci Rep

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In laboratory animals, there is a scarcity of digestibility data under non-experimental conditions. Such data is important as basis to generate nutrient requirements, which contributes to the refinement of husbandry conditions. Digestibility trials can also help to identify patterns of absorption and potential factors that influence the digestibility. Thus, a digestibility trial with a pelleted diet used as standard feed in laboratory mice was conducted. To identify potential differences between genetic lines, inbred C57Bl/6 J and outbred CD1 mice (n = 18 each, male, 8 weeks-old, housed in groups of three) were used. For seven days, the feed intake was recorded and the total faeces per cage collected. Energy, crude nutrient and mineral content of diet and faecal samples were analyzed to calculate the apparent digestibility (aD). Apparent dry matter and energy digestibility did not differ between both lines investigated. The C57Bl/6 J mice had significantly higher aD of magnesium and potassium and a trend towards a lower aD of sodium than the mice of the CD1 outbred stock. Lucas-tests were performed to calculate the mean true digestibility of the nutrients and revealed a uniformity of the linear regression over data from both common laboratory mouse lines. The mean true digestibility of crude nutrients was > 90%, except for fibre, that of the minerals ranged between 66 and 97%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Digestibility of crude nutrients and minerals in C57Bl/6J and CD1 mice fed a pelleted lab rodent diet

Böswald,

Matzek,

Popper

2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…In the case of MA, the reduced blood pH and HCO 3 -levels prompt the dissolution of bone, thus releasing buffering ions to increase the pH back to homeostatic levels. In chronic MA, two primary processes of bone dissolution have been identified: short-term physiochemical dissolution, via interactions between protons and bone material, and long-term cell-mediated resorption, caused by acid-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity [22,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. However, the temporal and dose-dependence of these mechanisms in vivo remains unknown.…”

Section: Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal (Oroaj)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiochemical Dissolution Governs Early Modifications in Acid-Exposed Murine Bone with Long-term Recovery

Deymier

2023

OROAJ

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Metabolic acidosis (MA), a disease affecting millions annually, is clinically characterized by a decrease in systemic pH and bicarbonate. MA has been shown to have skeletal consequences, such as increased bone loss and fractures. However, the mechanisms impacting the mechanics of bone remain unknown. To determine this, we characterized the skeletal phenotypes resulting from two independent regimes of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) acid-dosing in skeletally mature CD-1 mice for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days to establish the temporal progression of materials-level skeletal defects. The classical, flat-dose model resulted in a temporary decrease in blood pH but did not reduce blood bicarbonate levels. Minimal alterations were observed in bone composition, structure, mechanics, and cellular behavior. However, the graded administration of NH4Cl maintained MA for up to 14 days. This resulted in decreased bone mineral content, collagen organization, and bone volume while increasing mineral crystallinity at early time points followed by a return to baseline. Changes to the matrix lead to a potential decrease in bone toughness at early time points, which may explain the increased fracture risk seen clinically. However, there were no changes in bone formation rate nor osteoclast number or activity during any time point. After 14 days, the bones were fully recovered even though the mice were still under acidotic conditions. Ultimately, we conclude that physicochemical dissolution is the main mechanism for early changes in murine bone, which is influenced by the dosing of exogenous acid loading. This knowledge will aid the discovery of treatments that prevent acidosis-induced bone dissolution.

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“…In the ascending process, S.saprophyticus uses citrate in urine to synthesize carboxylate siderophores and obtain iron ions in urine to supply its nutrition and growth ( 104 ). In order to limit the growth of S.saprophyticus , the bladder maintains a weakly acidic urine environment to reduce the activity of citrate synthase and thereby reduce the synthesis of citrate, ultimately achieving the goal of limiting S.saprophyticus from obtaining iron and starving them to death ( 104 , 105 ). In addition, THP in urine has the ability to inhibit the adhesion of S.saprophyticus to BECs, which is similar to the effects on UPEC ( 53 , 91 ).…”

Section: The Bladder Immune Responses To the Main Nine Uropathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune responses to different Uropathogens call individual interventions for bladder infection

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens is the most common infectious disease and significantly affects all aspects of the quality of life of the patients. However, uropathogens are increasingly becoming antibiotic-resistant, which threatens the only effective treatment option available-antibiotic, resulting in higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. Currently, people are turning their attention to the immune responses, hoping to find effective immunotherapeutic interventions which can be alternatives to the overuse of antibiotic drugs. Bladder infections are caused by the main nine uropathogens and the bladder executes different immune responses depending on the type of uropathogens. It is essential to understand the immune responses to diverse uropathogens in bladder infection for guiding the design and development of immunotherapeutic interventions. This review firstly sorts out and comparatively analyzes the immune responses to the main nine uropathogens in bladder infection, and summarizes their similarities and differences. Based on these immune responses, we innovatively propose that different microbial bladder infections should adopt corresponding immunomodulatory interventions, and the same immunomodulatory intervention can also be applied to diverse microbial infections if they share the same effective therapeutic targets.

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Influence of Strain and Diet on Urinary pH in Laboratory Mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Digestibility of crude nutrients and minerals in C57Bl/6J and CD1 mice fed a pelleted lab rodent diet

Digestibility of crude nutrients and minerals in C57Bl/6J and CD1 mice fed a pelleted lab rodent diet

Physiochemical Dissolution Governs Early Modifications in Acid-Exposed Murine Bone with Long-term Recovery

The immune responses to different Uropathogens call individual interventions for bladder infection

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